John the Baptist Women's Monastery (Moscow) - is a monument of federal acts and even global significance.By its very existence, and architectural changes can be traced back almost all of the past of Moscow, with its conquest, fire and recovery.He could just get lost in the story and subjected to barbaric destruction.But, thanks to the faith and diligence of many Russians, he now pleases our eyes.
St. John the Baptist
this saint venerated in much the same way as the Virgin Mary herself.After all, he announced the future birth of Christ.And so in his honor it was erected a huge number of temples and churches, both in Russia and in the world.One of the most famous is John the Baptist Convent in Moscow.
this extraordinary child born in the family of Zechariah and Elizabeth bogosluzhiteley.His father predicted the appearance of the angel Gabriel.He said that the child - the forerunner of the great Messiah.Not believing Zacharias paid dumbness.
Up to 30 years, John was in the desert.He led the life of a righteous man, for I deserve the respect and worship of the people of Jerusalem.To him often came to accept the great mystery of baptism.According to tradition, Christ himself came to John.There, in the desert, in the Jordan River, he was baptized.
for his sermons and stories about the Messiah, as well as exposure of many of the powers that John the Baptist was beheaded.In the future, part of his relics have been given to various monasteries as a shrine.
architectural ensemble of St. John the Baptist
the convent is located almost in the heart of Moscow.Situated high on a picturesque hill, which encircles the old way in the Ryazan and Vladimir called "Solyanka".
This area has long belonged to the Russian ancient times grand-ducal house.Once there was a country residence and extensive gardens.They gave the names of the local monasteries and temples - in the "old gardens."
On the exterior of the monastery and the surrounding area is very influenced by the fires, devastation and destruction.So see his pristine image is impossible today.
Initially, it was a classic single-domed church.In architecture, there were three of the porch.Therefore, on top of the temple it seemed to cross.
Now we can only observe the reconstructed complex that has developed in the XIX century known and respected academician Bykovsky.
In the center of the ensemble is its main part - the cathedral with a huge faceted dome.The area is separated monastery old stone wall.And near the main gate of the Saints settled in the two bell tower.In the eastern part of the vision special hospital building to the church.This is absolutely all the buildings are connected by galleries.
the northwest remained privately-refectory body.Today, this part of the complex is run by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.Unfortunately, it gradually fell into decay.
History
Ivanovsky Convent - quite ancient building.After all the events almost did not survive documentary evidence of its creation.Therefore, in some sources of data are slightly different.
first mention of the monastery can be found in the annals preserved in 1415.They described the birth of the Prince Basil II the Dark.Initially, the monastery was a male.And only in 1530, after transferring to Kulishki, in honor of the birth of Ivan Vasilyevich, it devoted to the women.
main holiday, a day that commit holiday outputs kings, was on 29 August.It was dedicated to the Beheading of John the Baptist's head.Also, the princes of Moscow visited the monastery and Easter.Then I give alms and colorful Easter eggs.
appeared and another name - John the Baptist stauropegic convent.Over time, he acquired new complexes and land donated by kings and those in power.However, it is just as often destroyed, as well as built.And at all times at this holy place it had powerful patrons and virtuous.
history of the monastery in Tsarist Russia
despite centuries past, the greatest recognition of John the Baptist monastery acquired during the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich.They queen Evdokia Lukyanovna committed annually to the monastery holidays outputs on the day of commemoration of John the Baptist.In those days it was finished refectory, belfry and a stone cast a new bell.
Then she began to get accustomed to the tradition of princely families and servicemen buried in the monastery close.Contained dwelling on the contributions of these families, as well as contributions from the coffers of the sovereign.
significant changes in the architecture and the general life of John the Baptist nunnery suffered during the reign of Peter I. Then the decree was adopted to replace the numerous wooden cells on the stone.Over time, he changed the social composition and religious.Now lead the monastery became more and more people from merchants and clergy.
After the burning of Moscow and the abolition of many monasteries Ivanovsky Convent was able to recover and even to upgrade.This is due to the prelate Filaret and Mary Mazurina.
Soviet period
With the advent of the "people's" government, Christianity and every other religion and its ministers were cruelly persecuted.Harassed and subjected to the inhabitants of the Baptist monastery.The new government has decided to arrange a special abode in the concentration camps.
He was the first closed to worshipers.Authorities arrested all the bank accounts, movable and even confiscated immovable property and closed the existing hospital.Nuns and novices were persecuted because of denunciations and every infringement.
And in 1931, all his remaining inhabitants were arrested on groundless charges and a very common anti-Soviet agitation.Many of the nuns were exiled to Kazakhstan.By
80s almost all the territory of the monastery was given by municipal and administrative needs.Most belonged and belongs to the Ministry of Internal Affairs departmental pool and sauna.In the territory were also shooting, printing and storage of special state archives.
only after the collapse of the Soviet Union Ivanovsky Convent began to gradually recover.Gradually he returned parishioners and ministers, as well as steel freeing space previously.
Famous inhabitants of the monastery
At various times it was visited by all sorts of people from different classes and of different ages.And, of course, the reasons they were at everyone.These people came believers, with a complex fate or for the remission of sins.
During tsarist John the Baptist nunnery almost completely contained for money Grand Dukes.All the rich class makes certain contributions, participate in the life of the monastery.By the end of his life here went the members of noble families.There they buried their dead relatives.And the monastery became ancestral abode for those in power.
But not only the volunteers took vows.By imperial decree referred to the monastery inconvenient and dangerous to people power.One of the most famous inmates at the turn of the troubled XVIII-XIX centuries was famous Princess Tarakanov August.It is the direct heir to the throne, the daughter of the secret marriage of Elizabeth and Razumovsky, forcibly tonsured and deprived of the opportunity to live freely.
Here was concluded and known tormentor of peasants - Saltychikha.Her conscience more than 140 ruined souls.Saltykov Daria spent in the tomb 11 years.Then she was forced to live in an open cage at the sight of all the congregation.
were here and its fools, who were honored as saints.For example, the story tells of skhinomonahine Martha.Her husband Mikhail Fedorovich revered as an assistant in childbirth.And even after the death of Martha was the custom to serve on her grave for a successful resolution of the pregnancy.
Shrine of St. John the Baptist monastery
Faith porazhdaet many wonderful things.Of course, the place of construction of the monastery was chosen by ordinary people, not the signs as Leushinsky John the Baptist nunnery.But for so many years, thanks to the faith and worship, Moscow monastery deserved fame of the miraculous.
Over the centuries this place has collected enough items for worship.In addition to the miracle-working icons in the monastery there are particles of holy relics:
- St. John the Baptist.
- Reverend Alex.
- Apostle Matthew.
- St. Nicholas.
- Healer Panteleimon and many others.
John the Baptist Nunnery (Vyazma)
In the name of the great Prophet is built many churches and temples.In Russia, in addition to the Moscow monastery of the same name, known since John the Baptist Nunnery (Vyazma).It was founded in the Smolensk region, according to various estimates, in 1536 or 1542
In the early history of the monastery was visited by the Russian princes Boris Godunov and Ivan the Terrible.The period of unrest and wars he experienced almost the same way as other monastery.His many times looted and destroyed, and no longer possible to see its original form.
In XVIII century it was organized a special seminar, and later religious school.During the Soviet period a large part of the complex was destroyed and reconstruction work and maintained to this day.
