first scientific definition of case (according to VA Uspensky) gave a mathematician by the name of Andrei Kolmogorov.He believed that this requires the involvement not only of formal, syntactic, semantic and funds.The current definition reads as follows: case - a category of words indicating its syntactic role in the sentence, and helping to link the individual words in a single whole.
The term "case" as the name of cases, was translated from Latin and Greek.
There are two main types of cases: direct and indirect deaths deaths.For direct case nominative and accusative carry and indirect - the other four types (genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional).
terms "direct" and "indirect" deaths appeared in our language in connection with the ancient ideas about the decline as a deviation from the only correct form of the word.The analogy was carried out with a game of dice, where at any come-out roll or straight side (direct case) or indirect side (oblique case).
Case system in Russia presented six cases.Each of them has auxiliary words, allowing them to accurately identify.
1).Nominative - the words in the nominative combined with the auxiliary word "is."
2).Genitive - Auxiliary word "no."
3).Dative - Auxiliary word "give."
4).Accusative - Auxiliary word "blame."
5).Instrumental - Auxiliary word "happy" ("created").
6).Prepositional - Auxiliary word "to think (about)."
Also for simplicity, their definitions have questions to the case.Direct case have the same question of two things: the nominative answers the question "Who?What? "And the accusative -" Who?What?".Questions oblique cases are different.Genitive answers the question "Who?Why? ", Dative -" Who?What? "Instrumental -" What?How? ", Prepositional -" Of whom?About what? "(" In whom? What? ").
In Russian on cases vary and tend nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals.The endings of words - is not nothing but a way to show a decline.
direct case and the oblique case are not the only kinds of cases, as many claim.There are additional Cases:
1).Vocative - he was the seventh case in Russian language until 1918 and was used when referring to a person.Examples vocative case - Cach, Anh Tan, grandfather, docha.Now vocative to a certain extent replaces the dative.
2).Quantitatively-ablative case - used for a noun, indicating a whole with respect to certain parts, while also mentioning.In the school system, forms of words to quantify the separation of case-equated with the genitive case.
3).Local cases - a prepositional case, combined with the place.Answers the question "What?Where? ".Examples: talk about the table, to be in the table.
4).The original case - case with a noun, indicating the location of the beginning of the movement.Example: I came out of the woods.
addition to these plagues, a few stand out: counting, time, zhdatelny, inclusive, and others.The exact number of cases is still unknown.
There is the problem of defining case of a noun on the issue, if the accusative, prepositional or vocative.
Different countries have their case systems, sometimes something in common with the Russian morphological, stylistic and other features.Abroad used affixes such as spatial, possessive, the source, of the guide, lishitelny and accusative, instrumental, dative and others.
In languages where there are no plagues, use other ways to show the role of words in a sentence (the use of prepositions and postpositions, a certain order of words in the text).
Do I Know Cases?Of course, you need to, because that's why they are studying, even in the school curriculum!