But let's examine the RS-24 "yars" - Russian solid fuel intercontinental ballistic missile silo and mobile accommodation, equipped with a separated part of leading?
Her Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering has developed under the control of S. Solomon (academician).In general, the missile "yars" is an updated version of the missile "Topol-M".Tactical and technical description of the construction is not disclosed.In the future, it is planned that it should replace the RS-20 and RS-18 ICBMs, and together with "Topol-M" formed the basis of the Strategic Missile Forces brigade.
history
Did you know that a ballistic missile "yars" has a very interesting story?We will study it now.
In 2007, on May 29 at the site "Plesetsk" committed the first test launch of these weapons.We were successfully struck the target at the site "Kura".
And on 25 December the same range held the second test the RS-24.
third test launch of a missile with the same route as the previous ones, was made in 2008. November 26.
On the timing of the end of statutory testing intercontinental ballistic missile RS-24 "yars» reported quite different information if it was written in the newspapers about their completion in 2010, the leading designer of the installation claimed that the tests have ended in the last months of 2009.Perhaps this is due to the unequal terms of actual final program of government testing and Timeline identified during testing of the comments.
Deploying
Rocket "yars" was set RVSN (Strategic Rocket Forces), the Russian military-industrial complex in 2009.It was the first military battalion of mobile missile complexes, equipped with head separable parts.The fact that the organization of the first calculation of the RS-24 has been officially confirmed in July 2010 VA Popovkin - Deputy Minister of Defense.
second battalion with a rocket launcher in December 2010, started to bear experimental combat duty in the Ivanovo region (Teykovsky missile division).So, an intercontinental ballistic missile "yars" was armed with the first regiment, who take over the watch in 2011, March 4, consisting of two battalions of the RS-24, carrying on duty since 2010.
interesting that the first missile the army, armed PGRK "yars" in Teykovsky missile unit in the summer of 2011 has been fully staffed (three divisions, nine AAP).In 2011, on December 7 in the same battalion began to carry experimental combat duty a second army, which consisted of one missile battalion and regimental mobile command post (PEP).
Second Brigade of the same regiment began service in December 2011.As a result, by 2012 the total number of installed PC-24 reached 15 APU with rockets.By September 2012 this unit armed with mobile 'Yarsami. "The total number of the RS-24 APU "yars" is now equal to 18 (six divisions and two regiments).
In late 2012 rocket "yars" appeared and Kozelsk, and Novosibirsk Missile compounds (Kaluga region, mine version of the complex).In 2013 it has been completely re-equipped missile regiments of the Tagil.Irkutsk missile division also got a new weapon.
intercontinental missiles "yars" was released on the night of the cosmodrome "Plesetsk" in 2013 from December 24 to 25.Testing went well.Battle of the projectile hit targets on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
By the way, in the amount of 33 pieces of the rocket "yars", with four warheads each, were armed with the Strategic Missile Forces by early 2014.
Then, in 2014, April 14, at 10:40 GMT with the maneuverability of the starting device, placed at the cosmodrome "Plesetsk", was committed missile launch "yars", equipped with a head separating part.The campaign was carried out to test the weapons manufactured in Votkinsk (control batch testing).Then, the official sources said that the objectives of the event have been fully implemented.
And on December 26 at 11:02 GMT with the "Plesetsk" rocket was launched ground-based rolling stock.Training projectile could hit targets on the Kamchatka area "Kura".
Features "yars»
And yet, what the "yars" (missile)?Features it very interesting.This shell is a three-stage solid-fuel ICBMs easy discharge.It was created at the turn of the centuries in cooperation Russian companies.
missile RS-24 "yars" does not look like its direct ancestor - rocket "Topol-M" RS-12M1 / RS-12M2, which is of profound version of the RS-12M "Topol": it has a modern management system and a head portion.
ballistic missile "yars" features Blunt leading part (MS) and blocks personal pickup (MIRV).A "Topol-M" is equipped with a one-piece MS (tested maneuvering warhead and passive).Perhaps by 2020 tandem RS-12M - the RS-24 will turn into a single category of light ICBMs in fixed and mobile-based options.This option is for reasons of economic order is justified.
last decades of the last century
last century 80-90s Strategic Missile Forces were armed with five types of ICBMs and their lung-class versions.These include liquid and solid fuel rocket.
should be noted that operating costs are much lower standardized units of the same indicator for the set of models of light-class ICBMs.But in some respects superior to the efficacy of the latter "yars".
For example, liquid ICBM RS-18B compared to the RS-24 carries more impressive MIRV.Her fighting equipment and is now improving.A separate topic is considered to be an ICBM survivability, and the ground gives way to at least train.
Given the above facts, as well as the need to maintain parity of the established warheads and their carriers (according to the agreements of strategic offensive weapons), since 2009, work is underway on the development of the domestic heavy liquid ICBM category instead of the RS-20B ("Voivod").In general, for Russia it remains an open question about the return of the reserves and the selection of an ICBM RS-22V.
interesting that productivity indicators for ICBMs attached political link - the "race" of strategic weapons that initiated measures to protect against nuclear attack - missile defense (BMD).In the US in 2002, terminated the contract on reduction of missile defense systems by 1972.This country creates a new promising missile defense system, including its segments in Europe.The system is implemented in 1991.Establishment of a national missile defense States legally formalized in 1999 conducted the first test of its elements.
«yars»
continue to investigate further what the "yars" (the rocket).Features of its deserved attention.The adoption of the projectile in a building America's missile defense has become probable, since expired in 2009, the term of the agreement the START-1, which allowed the development of ICBMs only monobloc leading part.
And what puts the second asymmetric response of Russia on the US missile defense initiative?Rocket "yars" airspeed was very effective.In addition, it hit a great stability during the passage through the order promising US missile defense system.And more to it does not affect the factors affecting nuclear explosions (PFYAV).
Many experts argue that the missile "yars-M" has remarkable characteristics.For example, the active region of the trajectory of weapons reduced.Instant set speed provides a more efficient mixtures charge of the main engines of solid rocket fuel (SRM).The shell at the start of the program can perform the maneuver.It is necessary to penetrate the cloud of a nuclear explosion attacking missiles.
Interestingly, the "yars", in contrast to the previous RS-12M is used do not react to powerful electromagnetic pulse guidance system.Generally newest complexes counter (PCB) BMD significantly reduce the likelihood of capturing the lead department.
It should be noted that the objectives of the PCB-l'oeil indistinguishable from military units in the area of electromagnetic vibrosoundtouch.With them it is possible to forge the mail settings for each are selected on the basis of exoatmospheric, transition and an impressive field of atmospheric segment decreasing branch path of the leading parts.
you first used fake targets with superresolution radar and able to ignore.CSR means distorting the parameters of the head area, made of radar-absorbing shell, dynamic interference generators, aerosols, which are sources of infrared radiation, and so on.
Function Description
Well, perhaps many readers were convinced that the missile "yars-M" has excellent characteristics?We continue a deeper study of this wonderful design!It is known that the layout diagram of arms, compared to the PC 12M is not changed.His solid propellant boosters are equipped tselnomotannym body type "cocoon" made of composite materials.
speed missiles "yars" pretty impressive.Unlike its ancestor "Poplars" at the first stage of the tandem is not equipped with lattice aerodynamic stabilizer and rudder.The flight is operated in an active plot turning slightly recessed nozzle constructed on the basis of an elastic hinge that thrust vectoring engine (at all levels).
Russian missiles "yars" equipped with a nozzle unit, which is made of carbon-carbon materials.The nozzle inserts of these weapons are based on three-dimensional oriented reinforced carbon-carbon matrix.
missile equipped with an inertial control system.The complex team of high-speed devices Hydrostabilized platform (GSP) has improved accuracy parameters.Newest upland digital computing complex (ODCC) has improved performance and resistance to PFYAV.
way, intercontinental ballistic missile RS-24 "yars" sighting is ensured by the implementation of an autonomous detection of the azimuth control unit, located on the SSE.This function is performed by ground complex command devices, which is located on launching containers intended for transportation (TPC).
Rocket "yars-M" is overvalued in comparison with the prototype, the efficiency of the use of fissile material.Historically, the leading compartment is the first in the Russian practice of weapons, which is mounted on ICBMs without testing assemblies and parts in the nuclear explosions.
By analogy with the RS-12M missiles use the RS-24, RS-12M1 (2) for both mobile and stationary methods for going home with TPK.Start in the two cases is the mortar: in operated pressure generators powder (PAD).
should be noted that, due to the different operating conditions rockets stationary and mobile versions, as well as the emergence of various rules of protection against PFYAV, global unification missiles and TPK achieve failed.It requires the creation of structurally diverse resources needed to expel the charge of the WPK and the container.For example, for a version of the missile silo was used at the start of the pallet, protects solid propellant first stage of enhanced gas pressure drops.A mobile version of the pallet was not needed because the pressure was much lower.Due to the peculiarities of the mine and weight limits under the option-based missiles used various structural materials TPK.
The following table shows the most important parameters.
| RS-12M1 (2) | RS-24 | |
| number of steps | 3 | 3 |
| Maximumdistance flight km | 10,500 | |
| maximum launch weight, that | 47,1 | |
| active power charge unit, Mt | 055 | 0.15, 0.3 |
| Massa leading part, that | 1,2 | 1,2-1,3 |
| Dimensions, m | ||
| length | 22,7 | |
| diameter of the shell of the first level, m | 1,86 | 1,86 |
| sheath diameterthe second level, m | 1,61 | |
| sheath diameter of the third level, m | 1,58 | 1,58 |
| quo m |
200-350 |
Rocket "yars" boasts the original warranty period of storage, who was fifteen years old.
Tests
you figured out what the "yars" - a rocket?Test it conducted in 2014 on December 26 at the cosmodrome "Plesetsk" at 11:00 GMT.Successful launch commented Colonel Igor Egorov, commissioner of the Press Service of the Defense Ministry of missile forces.
He said that the missile "24-yars" unable to fulfill all the tasks: "Teaching active units hit targets on the Kamchatka area" Kura "with a given accuracy."
Egorov noted that spent testing was to confirm the technical strength of the charges created in 2013-2014, and the operational and combat parameters of the complex.
IDB
What ICBMs?This intercontinental ballistic missiles "ground-ground" that can overcome the 5500 km.Charges of this kind are usually equipped with nuclear combat units.They are used to destroy enemy strategically important objects placed on distant continents.
Popularization
first planet ballistic missile R-7 was successfully tested in the Soviet Union 21 August 1957.On her arms it adopted in 1960.American ICBMs SM-65 Atlas successfully passed the test in 1958.She appeared in the army in 1959 (a year earlier than the P-70).Today, the army is armed ICBM Russia, UK, USA, China and France.
Israel on the issue of its holdings of this type of charge follows the same policy as the issue of possession of nuclear weapons - neither denies nor confirms his presence in the territory.In fact, this government removes the double advantage of the situation: an international agreement to control the distribution of rocket technology does not join, but keeps the tension neighboring countries with respect to their own real possibilities.
are developing their own ICBMs DPRK, India and Pakistan.
South Africa, wanting to confront the Soviet bloc and the Western countries in the 1980s created an ICBM RSA-3 (supported by Israel), but after the collapse of the apartheid regime did not take it on board.
Events Second World
interesting that first started to work on the creation of an ICBM Nazi Germany.Wernher von Braun the summer of 1942 led the launch of the "America", due to which was to be set up rocket A9 / A10.Experts have developed a two-step charge on liquid fuel weighing a hundred tons, able to make the flight to a distance of 5,000 km.
known that the current classification of the A9 / A10 formally refers to the average distance charges.But it developed as intercontinental munition capable of hitting the US East Coast.Technically A9 / A10, however, was not a ballistic missile, as it was equipped with top of the winged stage, de facto appears as a winged supersonic weapon.
Guidance of charge at the beginning and the middle of the flight took place with the help of radio beacons.They were sent in advance to the target and the pilot activated at the right time, in the final.The person performing such an important mission, shortly before the goal of leaving a small cabin on a parachute and sat down on the surface of the Atlantic Ocean after a suborbital space flight made.
Some sources report that the tests as part of a A9 / A10 were conducted 8 and 24 January 1945, but in battle it is not necessary to use.
Other sources say that the work on the program never progressed further sketches (more plausible).By the way, the Germans underestimated the intricacy of gliding flight at supersonic speed, probably, so the system A9 / A10 could never work.
