At all times people tried to unite in certain groups in order to make it easier and more convenient it was to co-exist: to produce food to support life and to defend themselves from the enemy.In this article I want to tell you about this form of primary community, as a community.
What is it?
The first is to deal with the concept of "community".It is a form of co-existence of people (like blood relatives and do not have close ties), which dates back to prehistoric times.It is said that there is a tribal community, family, and neighbor.Let's start with the most important thing.By itself, the clan - the first step towards the organization of people of their life, the transition from a disordered form of cohabitation of people, like a flock.So it is possible in the heyday of matriarchy (head of the family was considered a woman).Itself this form of cohabitation based on kinship.The gist of it is the following points:
- common home for all members;
- joint management of everyday life: the division of responsibilities;
- joint labor for the benefit of the community.
These are three of the main points that bring people together to achieve one goal - a normal existence.Also, this form of cohabitation and maintaining life involves not only care about themselves, but about their children (which was not the form of life in the herd).An important point was also the primary division of labor: women are concentrated in the household, men - to obtain food.As mentioned above, the clan originated in the heyday of the matriarchy, so often the child's father was not known (this was at the time a form of marital relations), the line was carried out by relatives of the mother.Already later was narrowed the circle of individuals who can participate in marriage, sexual relations are also forbidden between uterine relatives - brothers and sisters.
rulers clan
who ruled tribal community?To do this, there was a certain structure of government:
- general meeting of sorts - here take collective action on a particular issue;
- council of elders - made the decision to special people who trusted the community;
- chiefs, elders - could take an individual decision, t. To. Again, I trust him implicitly.
family community
to understand what tribal community, it is worth a few words to pay and this form of organization of people, as a family community.This is the next stage in the development of collective coexistence, based on the development and emergence of zemledelchestva special tools and techniques of labor (the appearance of the plow for cultivation, distribution skotovodchestva).Family community included several generations of blood relatives.It is interesting that their number could reach even 100 people.The essence of the family community: collective ownership of all that is in the family.At the beginning of the management of this form of organization of people conducted a more democratic: the head was considered the most senior man (or elected), on the female side - his wife.Somewhat later they began to elect the "older", which is actually the owner of everything that belonged to the family community.
neighboring communities
next stage of development of human relations - a generic neighborhood community.It is also called the land or rural.A distinctive feature of it from above - here people can not consist of kinship with each other.This form of relationship occurred during the collapse of tribal relations.At first, the people are united by the common property of all the tools, livestock and land, a little later, everything changed: the people began to be divided on skills, hard work, opportunity to accumulate wealth.This form of co-existence is heavier so that it demanded the unity of the neighborhood community, which is not so easy to achieve.
