psychological theory of activity proposed by the outstanding Soviet psychologist AN Leontiev, considering the psychological and physical activity as part of society, which guides and influences its development.
subject of the study of the theory is the activity in the broad sense, ie,active interaction of the subject with the environment.This interaction alters the external entity (subject) or the inner world.It should also be noted that the main source or activity is external, which means socially determined processes over time, goes into the so-called internal plan .
Activity theory has a number of basic concepts, which also help to reveal her identity.
Any human activity has a complex multilayer structure, which means that it can be divided into several levels.Conventionally, one of the first level is called action. are those under the influence of the individual and the specific processes that are aimed at achieving a certain goal.Among other things, this is a functional unit of any activity.Under
It consists of elementary units - operations or ways of doing things.The operations are based on skills.The difference between them is that they do not realize that is committed automatically (while the action is always a conscious goal).Finally, the lowest level - physiological features of the body responsible for the success / failure, the speed and quality of operations.
We reviewed the implementation of the mechanism of action.However, the theory of activity and offers a different classification, which reveal the actual performance in terms of motivation and purpose.
basic concept here is the need - the need for some, is the cause of tension in the body, which must be satisfied.If a person's experience tells him how stress can be reduced, that is, he knows and looking for a particular item of its satisfaction, search activity supported motive.
Based on the fact that people constantly performs any type of activity, the psychological theory of activity highlights those of their species that are peculiar to the individual during the different periods of his life.
1. Subject-manipulative.Peculiar to infants and young children.Kids learn the characteristics of objects, their properties and the actions that they can do
2. Games.Children learn to interact with each other, creating a group tend to stick to them.As part of the script develop game plan.
3. Training activities.Peculiar to students and is aimed at learning new information, the enrichment of knowledge.
4. Close contact.It is typical for teenagers who want to establish a social relationship, try to be "in" and become part of something larger, to be accepted and understood in their environment.
5. Work experience is peculiar to adults.As the name suggests, it is aimed at the formation of human labor and work.
Based on the theory of Leontiev Still outstanding scientists D. El'konin and VV Davydov developed the theory of learning activity in which we study the psychological impact on the child's school and the changes taking place under its influence.
