One of the types of human activity, called the intellectual and characterized by a high level of understanding, perception, objective approach to the information field, which surrounds it, is critical thinking.
many meanings of the term "critical thinking" is found in the literature, however, very often they are not in harmony with each other.However, this phenomenon should be equally clear to all: and university professor, and a primary school teacher, he must understand the representatives of various ethnic groups and cultures, so the definition needs to be as flexible as possible.
sometimes critical thinking is also called line of thinking, because it is already targeted for a specific result.It is carefully consider informed decisions in relation to any judgment: should we accept to postpone it or reject it, and the level of confidence with which we do it.
Consider first the types of mental activity, that the definition of "critical thinking" are not appropriate.The most important step is the mental memorization, without which the educational process is impossible, but it is fundamentally different from critical thinking.Computer memory is much better than any of us, however, we understand that thinking is not his ability to remember.However, the old fashioned way, many school teachers appreciate above all the memory and thinking in exams and control only check the memory of students, but it is wrong, it should focus on the types of mental activity, which is much more difficult.
With the understanding of complex ideas related to each type of so-called "non-critical thinking", without which the educational process is impossible.Sometimes you need to work as it should head the lessons of history and literature, mathematics and biology in order to understand what is written in the textbook or the teacher says.Understanding is a complex mental operations, especially if the material is not easy.The third type of "non-critical" include intuitive thinking or creative thinking.Difficult job doing brain musician, artist, athlete, however, they usually do not even notice.These mental processes are unconscious, as a rule.
note, the technology development of critical thinking is the basic provisions, which include three stages or phases.These steps in the Russian translation have the names: call - (semantic stage), comprehension received information (meditation), reflection.At the stage of the call, thinking stage, the stage of reflection, there are specific strategies and techniques.Development of critical thinking occurs when there are specific goals and motives for learning a new.
information that helps develop thinking, should be timely, so it is best absorbed.Motivate to the cognitive activity of the modern student is very difficult.
At the end of the twentieth century in the United States developed the technology of critical thinking through reading and writing.
To better organize the lesson, using the separation stage.The first stage is called "challenge".Each lesson his presence necessary.At this stage, perhaps the knowledge that there is a student on a particular issue or topic to update and summarize;to study the subject due to strong interest and the student can motivate learning activities;home and in the classroom to encourage the student to actively work.Other tasks pursues the second stage, which has the name of "understanding."Here, receive new information, there is its understanding and relationship already with the knowledge that are available.
In the third stage, called "Reflection" is a compilation of the major and holistic understanding of the information that has been received, the assignment of a pupil of new information and new knowledge, each of the students formed their own attitude to the studied material.
