main raw material for sugar production in our country is sugar beets.If the efficiency of milk production depends on the quality of fodder beet, which is different from the size of the fruit sugar beet, for the production of sugar are very important indicators such as sugar content and degree of contamination.Weight root beet intended for livestock feed, in good years can reach 10-14 kg, while the maximum mass of sugar beet equal to 0.6 kg.
To find problems affecting the efficiency of sugar production, should be considered the basic technological scheme of its receipt.The following will also be given information that will figure out how to increase the efficiency of crop production (in this case sugar beet) affects the reduction of losses in the production of sugar.
Before entering the beet processing takes place on the quality of acceptance, then preparation for submission to the plant, which consists in pre-treatment.After washing beet weighed on special scales and served in svekloreznye machine for chips of a certain size.The increase in the surface of the chip helps to ensure a more juice, but wears faster swarf and difficult to process, so the size of the chip should be subject to the standard documentation for a particular production, based on the technical specifications of the equipment used.Further
diffusion installation diffusion juice obtained (sugar molecules, and molecules of non-sugars are dissolved in water).The temperature of juice from 70 to 75 ° C provides the coagulation of protein molecules and selection of cells chip sugar through its dissolution in hot water.Desugared chips - beet pulp - is separated and sent to the consumer.Sugar dissolved in water - raw juice - served to clean.
purpose of cleaning - to remove from the raw juice suspended solids and dissolved therein nonsugars, neutralize the acid contained therein and discolor it.The main reagent used for cleaning - milk of lime.Prepared milk in a separate plant for the production of sugar.After dosing, the milk of lime in the juice, the resulting mixture (calc-sugar solution) saturiruyut (saturated with carbon dioxide).
carbonated mixture was filtered through a cloth, and filtered again saturiruyut.During these operations, chemical decomposition and precipitation of non-sugars.The purified juice is served on the evaporation of the juice to thicken and form a syrup.The thus obtained thick syrup is fed into a vacuum apparatus (due to pressure reduction process, it is possible to lower boiling syrup).The vacuum device is subjected to boiling syrup and condensed by evaporation to a supersaturated state.
to initiate the crystallization process sugar thickened mass required metered quantity of fine crystals of powdered sugar.Seed crystals are formed, and with further boiling begins to increase their size from 0.5 mm to 0.9 mm.The result is a massecuite - a mixture of the remaining syrup with sugar crystals.From cooking time and massecuite contained sugar crystals depends on the output of the final product.
hot massecuite is sent to the sieve drum centrifuge, which separates the crystals from hot sugar syrup.The syrup is returned to the process for the massecuite and the sugar crystals are washed with water, to remove yellowness.Are then fed to a hot air drying.Dry sugar dissipated into fractions, which are applied to or deposited on packaging and packing.
At each stage of the production of sugar, any deviation (from the established mode of technological documentation) can lead to tangible losses of sugar, as a result - to a decrease in yields and worsening economic indicators.Thus, the production efficiency of sugar depends on the quality of the process.
To date, the main reason for the loss of sugar in its manufacture can also be attributed contamination of root crops (15%), reduced sveklomassy during storage (up 3.9%), the loss in different stages of the manufacturing process of sugar (up to 0.7%).The calculation of the maximum losses for the sugar factory processing beets in the amount of 6.0 thousand. T / d indicates that such loss, when adding all the adverse factors, can exceed 190 tons / day.Therefore, improving the efficiency of the production of sugar is associated with the tasks aimed at minimizing losses.
Other measures aimed at improving efficiency and reducing costs, should be linked to the expansion of the range of products due to more deep processing of by-products of sugar production.Since their traditional use in the national economy (pulp - for cattle feed, molasses - in the food industry, defecation mud - liming the soil) today is ineffective.
