Romanovs dynasty whose history dates back to the sixteenth century, were simply old noble race.But after the marriage concluded between Ivan the Terrible and the representative of the Romanov family - Anastasia Zakharina, they became close to the royal court.After establishing relationship with Moscow Ruric to the throne began to apply themselves Romanovs.
History of the Russian dynasty emperors began after elected to rule the country became a great-nephew wife of Ivan the Terrible - Mikhail Fedorovich.His descendants headed the Russian up to October 1917.
Background
ancestor of some noble families, including the Romanovs, known as Andrei Ivanovich mare, whose father, as evidenced by the record Divonovich Gland-Kamba, received in baptism the name of Ivan appeared in Russia in the last decade of the fourteenth century.He came from Lithuania.
Despite this, a certain category of historians believe that the beginning of the Romanov dynasty (short - House of Romanov) comes from Novgorod.Andrei Ivanovich there were five sons.They were called Simon stallion Alexander tree, Vasily Ivantay and Gabriel Gavsha and Fedor Cat.They were the ancestors of many as seventeen noble houses in Russia.In the first knee Andrei Ivanovich and his first four sons nicknamed Kobylin, Fedor Andreevich and his son Ivan - Koshkin, and the last son - Zacharias - Koshkin-Zakharyin.
Occurrence names
descendants soon rejected the first part - Koshkin.And for some time they began to write only under the name Zakharins.With the sixth generation was added to her other half - Yuriev.
Accordingly, the offspring of Peter and Basil surnamed Yakovlevich Yakovlev, Roman - okolnichy and magistrates - Zakharyin-Romanovs.It is with the children and the latter originates the famous Romanov dynasty.During the reign of this kind began in 1613th.
Kings
Romanov Dynasty was able to build on the royal throne five representatives.The first of these was the great-nephew of Anastasia - the wife of Ivan the Terrible.Mikhail Fedorovich - the first king of the Romanov dynasty, he was raised to the throne Zemsky Sobor.But since he was young and inexperienced, in fact, the country was ruled bayou Martha relatives.After him, the kings of the Romanov dynasty were few.It is his son, Alex, and three grandchildren - Fyodor, Ivan V and Peter I. It was the last in 1721, the year ended with the Romanov dynasty.
Emperors
A. When Peter came to the throne, for the kind of started a completely different era.The Romanovs, the history of the dynasty that the emperor began in 1721-m, gave thirteen Russian rulers.Of these, only three were from blood.
After Peter the Great - the first emperor of the Romanov dynasty - as autocratic empress throne was succeeded by his legal wife Catherine I, the origin of which is still hotly debated by historians lead.After her death, power passed to his grandson Peter I by his first marriage - Peter II.
Because of strife and intrigue the line of succession of his grandfather was frozen.And after the imperial power and regalia were transferred to daughter elder brother of Emperor Peter the Great - Ivan V, whereas after Anna Ivanovna ascended to the Russian throne from her son the Duke of Brunswick.His name was John VI Antonovich.He was the only representative of the Romanov dynasty-Mecklenburg, took the throne.He overthrew his own aunt - "daughter of Petrov," Empress Elizabeth.She was unmarried and childless.That's why the Romanov dynasty, the table which the board is quite impressive, in direct male line was on it and over.
acquaintance with the history
Accession to the throne of this kind happened under strange circumstances, surrounded by many strange deaths.The Romanov dynasty, whose representatives have a photo in any history textbook, is directly linked to the Russian history.It stands out for its constant patriotism.Together with the people experiencing hard times, slowly lifting the country out of poverty and poverty - the results of the constant wars, that the Romanovs.History of the Russian dynasty literally soaked bloody events and mysteries.Each representative of its interests though honored citizens, at the same time distinguished by his cruelty.
first ruler
year beginning the Romanov dynasty was quite restless.The state had no legitimate ruler.Mainly due to the excellent reputation Zakharina Anastasia and her brother Nikita Romanov family was respected by all.
Russia tormented war with Sweden, and almost stops the internecine feuds.In early February 1613, the year in the Grand Kremlin Palace, abandoned by foreign invaders, along with a pile of dirt and debris, was proclaimed the first king of the Romanov dynasty - a young and inexperienced prince Mikhail Fedorovich.And this sixteen year old son of Patriarch Filaret marked the beginning of the Romanov dynasty.It is entrenched in the reign of as much as thirty-two years.
It begins with it the Romanov dynasty, genealogy table is studied in school.In 1645-m Michael was succeeded by his son Alex.The latter also rules long enough - more than three decades.After him in the order of succession it has been associated with some difficulties.
Since 1676, six years of Russian rule grandson Michael - Fedor, named after his great-grandfather.After his death, the reign of the Romanov dynasty worthy of continued Peter I and Ivan V - his brothers.They for almost fifteen years, performed a dual power, although virtually all the running of the country took over their sister Sophia, who was a very power-loving woman.Historians tell us that in order to conceal this fact has been ordered special double throne, having a hole.And it was through him whisper Sophia gave instructions to his brothers.
Peter the Great
Although the beginning of the Romanov dynasty associated with the name of Mikhail Fedorovich, the at least one of its representatives know almost everything.This is a man who can be proud of the whole Russian people, themselves Romanovs.History of the Russian emperors of the dynasty, the history of the Russian people, Russian history is inseparably linked with the name of Peter the Great - the founder and commander of the regular army and navy, and in general - a man with a very progressive views on life.
With commitment, a strong will and a great capacity for work, Peter I, for that matter, and all, with a few exceptions, the Romanov dynasty, which has a photo of representatives in all the history books, during the life of a lot of studying.But he paid special attention to military and seamanship.During the first trip abroad in the years 1697-1698, Peter took a course of Artillery Sciences in the city of Konigsberg, and then six months working on the Amsterdam shipyards a simple carpenter, studied the theory of shipbuilding in England.
It was not only the most remarkable personality of his era, he could be proud of the Romanovs: the history of the Russian dynasty did not know a more intelligent and curious person.Everything about him, according to his contemporaries, testified about this.
Peter always interested in everything that somehow affect his plans; and on the part of the board or commerce, and education.His curiosity extended to almost all.He did not neglect even the smallest details, if they later could be something useful.
Pyotr Romanov's life's work has been the rise of the state and strengthening of its military power.He was the founder of the regular navy and army to continue the reforms of his father - Alexis Mikhailovich.
state transformation of Peter's reign turned Russia into a strong state, which acquired ports, development of foreign trade, and good administrative management system.
Although the beginning of the Romanov dynasty was laid almost six decades before any of its representative failed to achieve what made Peter the Great.He not only established himself as a great diplomat, but also created anti-Swedish Northern Alliance.In the history of the name of the first emperor of connected main stage of Russia's development and its emergence as a great power.
Thus Peter was a very tough man.When the age of seventeen, he seized power, it did not fail to hide his sister Sophia a distant monastery.One of the most famous representatives of the Romanov dynasty, Peter, better known as the Great, was known enough heartless emperor who currently defined goal - to reorganize its malotsivilizovannoy country in the Western manner.
Nevertheless, despite these progressive ideas, he was considered a willful tyrant, quite a match for his cruel predecessor - Ivan the Terrible, the husband of his grandmother Anastasia Romanova.
Some researchers reject the increasing importance of Peter's transformations and general policy of the emperor during his reign.Peter, they say, in a hurry to achieve their goals, so moved by the shortest route, using sometimes apparently clumsy methods.And this was the reason that after the untimely death of Russian empire rather quickly returned to the state from which the reformer Pyotr Romanov tried to withdraw it.
is impossible in one fell swoop to radically change his people even built for him newfound capital, boyars shave beards and led sbiraetsya political rallies.
Nevertheless, the policy of the Romanovs, in particular, administrative reforms introduced Peter meant a lot for the country.
new branch
After marrying Anna (the second daughter of Peter the Great and Catherine), nephew of the Swedish king was laid the beginning of the Romanov dynasty, which actually turned into a kind of Holstein-Gottorp.At the same time, according to the agreement, the son born of this marriage, and they became Peter III, still remained a member of the royal house.
Thus, according to the genealogical rules, the imperial clan became known as Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, which is reflected not only in their family coat of arms, but also on the arms of Russia.Since that time, the throne was passed in a straight line, without any twists.It happened thanks to a decree issued by Paul.It said the succession of men's straight line.After Paul
country was ruled by Alexander I - his eldest son, who was childless.His second descendant - Prince Constantine Pavlovich - abdicated that, in fact, was one of the causes of the Decembrist uprising.The next emperor was his third son - Nikolai I. Generally, from the time of Catherine the Great, all heirs to the throne began to wear the title of Crown Prince.
After Nicholas I, the throne passed to his eldest son - Alexander II.At the age of twenty-one years from tuberculosis, died Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich.Therefore, the following was the second son - Emperor Alexander III, who was succeeded by his eldest son and the last Russian governor - Nicholas II.Thus, from the time when the dynasty of Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp, this branch takes eight emperors, counting and Catherine the Great.
Nineteenth Century In the XIX century the imperial family grew and grew strongly.There were even adopted special laws that regulate the rights and responsibilities of each member of the family.Were negotiated and material aspects of their existence.There was even introduced a new title - the prince of the imperial blood.He assumed too distant descendants of the ruler.
From the time when it was the beginning of the Romanov dynasty, and the beginning of the nineteenth century to the Imperial House was already included four branches in the female line:
- Gottorpovskaya-Holstein;
- Leuchtenberg - comes from the daughter of Nicholas I, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, and the Duke of Leuchtenberg;
- Oldenburg - from marriage to the daughter of Emperor Paul Duke of Oldenburg;
- Mecklenburg - originating from the marriage of Princess Catherine Mikhailovna and Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Revolution and the Imperial House
From the moment was the beginning of the Romanov dynasty, the story of this family is full of death and bloodshed.No wonder the last of the family - Nicholas II - nicknamed Bloody.I must say that the emperor himself in this case does not differ violent temper.
The reign of the last Russian monarch was marked by rapid economic growth of the country.At the same time Russia saw an increase in social and political contradictions.All this led to the beginning of the revolutionary movement and in the end - an uprising of 1905-1907, and then to the February Revolution.
Russian emperor and king of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland - the last Russian Tsar of the Romanov dynasty - ascended to the throne in 1894.Nicholas II's contemporaries described as a soft and highly educated, sincere devotee of the country, but at the same time a very stubborn person.
Apparently, this was the cause of persistent opposition to the advice of experienced officials in the management of the state, which, in fact, lead to fatal errors in the policies of the Romanovs.Surprisingly faithful love of the Emperor to his own wife, who in some historical documents referred to even mentally unbalanced particular, has led to discredit the royal family.It has been put into question its authority as the only true.
This was due to the fact that the wife of the last Russian emperor had quite a say in many aspects of governance.However, she did not miss a single opportunity to take advantage of, while many high-ranking persons is in no way suited.Most of them are considered the last reigning Romanov fatalist, while others were of the opinion that it is just completely indifferent to the suffering of their people.The end of the reign of
Blood The year 1917 was the final authority for the faltering of the autocrat.It all began with the First World War and the ineffectiveness of the policy of Nicholas II in this difficult period for Russia.
antagonists Romanov family claim that during this period the last autocrat just could not or failed to timely implement into practice the necessary political and social reforms.The February Revolution forced the last emperor still abdicate.As a result, Nicholas II with his family was placed under house arrest in his palace in Tsarskoye Selo.
In the middle of the nineteenth century the Romanovs ruled for more than a sixth of the planet.It was self-sufficient, independent and concentrates the most in Europe a wealth of state.It was a great era, which ended after the execution of the royal family, the last of the Romanovs: Nicholas II and Alexandra and their five children.It happened in the basement of the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg on the night of July 17, 1918.
Romanovs today
the beginning of 1917 Russian Imperial House of Representatives consisted of sixty-five, thirty-two of which belonged to the male half.Eighteen people were shot by the Bolsheviks in the period from 1918 to 1919 years.It happened in St. Petersburg, Alapaevsk and, of course, in Yekaterinburg.The remaining forty-seven people have fled.As a result, they were in exile, mostly in the United States and in France.
Despite this significant part of the dynasty even more than ten years hoping for the collapse of Soviet power and the restoration of the Russian monarchy.When, in December 1920, Olga K. - Grand Princess - became regent of Greece, she began to take in this country for many refugees from Russia, who were going to just wait and go home.However, this did not happen.
However, the House of Romanov for a long time had the weight.Moreover, in 1942, two representatives of the House was even offered the throne of Montenegro.It has even created association, which includes all living members of the dynasty.
