During the year, all the plants, and fruit and berry, are two periods: the vegetation and peace.Some botanists also tend to allocate short-term phase.This transition from the rest to the growing season in spring and vice versa in autumn.At this time should be prepared trees and shrubs for the upcoming changes in spring - the period of fruiting, and in the fall - to the winter holidays.Plant vegetation occupies the entire warm period.It begins in the spring with the swelling of the kidneys and ends with the fall of the mass falling leaves.
Factors influencing this state
main conditions that determine the length of the growing season - is the length of daylight and temperature.Of course, these two factors are directly dependent on the geographical location of the region.The frequency of occurrence of important light period and the number of warm days.We can say that the growing season also depends on the variety, breed, farming techniques and, of course, on weather conditions.Each species, whether apple, pear and currant, has its own individual phenophase, which will take place at different times.
Depending on the length of coverage, rates of increase or, conversely, the temperature drop, the passage of this period can vary with age.As an example, the following facts: if you reduce the moisture of the earth and air, the active period of decline.
What changes occur during the growing season?
the growing season, or more precisely fruit and berry trees and shrubs, is not at the same time.Bud observed in some species before, while others - later.How does this happen?First kidney swells.After that scales from the internal pressure burst, and becomes visible green shoot, its apical part.Gradually formed sheet metal teeth, and then the sheet itself.So there is an escape.In the second period of vegetation in the leaf axils formed buds.Throughout the period of active young shoots accumulate a stock of minerals that will help them survive the resting phase.These components allow the shoots continue to grow next year.It then starts the formation of flower buds.
Laying the kidneys and the flowering period
vegetative cycle of the shrubs and trees occur about the same.In the leaf axils of young shoots that have already gone through their first winter, fruit buds are laid.They can be both apical and lateral.The process ends after the inside will form the future flower organs: pistils and stamens.
Trees and shrubs ranotsvetuschih grades buds are formed before.For example, the stone species, it takes 2.5-3 months.And here later blossoming apple tab kidney is from 3 to 3.5 months.Nevertheless, every young shoots of the formation of flower buds finally completed in the spring of next year.It was then, and not before, it will happen swelling.After a short time, the flower will open.At the same time on the same branch buds bloom at different times.That is why the flowering period may last for several days.This greatly increases the chances of pollination.
Agrotechnical measures
the growing season begins in mid-spring.It is associated with all the agronomic activities.At this time, the cultural fruit and berry plants need extra care.
After the winter, with the departure of snow, all the trees and shrubs live mainly due to deferred in the root system and the ground of the plastic material.He accumulated the entire previous year.Many people mistakenly believe that in the early spring plants fed by minerals in the soil.If the tree is not enough nutrients, it is unable to start the formation of flower buds.Therefore, the harvest in the next year can not wait.To avoid this, you need to fertilize the soil, not only in the spring, but in the autumn.It is very important for good fruiting.
fertilizer plants during the growing season
growing season begins in the spring for gardening activities on fertilization.This contributes to the appearance of growth that will help get a good harvest.Also, it can not affect the process of laying of fruit buds.The more they have, the more abundant harvest can be expected in the next year.But in the period of cessation of the growth of the introduction of nitrogen components in the soil have a negative effect.
Virtually the entire spring and early summer all fruit trees and bushes are not only due to its plastic material, but also absorb from the soil all the nutrients.Therefore, importantly, to a time when laid kidney plant receives as many organic and mineral substances.The soil must be regularly make fertilizer.Also, you need to follow the heat and water-air regime.
rest period
plant growing season ends in the autumn after defoliation.But some activity shrubs and trees can be and after, such as during thaws.At such times, it is very important to plant enough nutrients.Where did the trees and shrubs in deep winter?They collect them throughout the period under review.As a rule, the end of the cold winter this reserve is almost completely exhausted.
In addition, the plants lose moisture through the surface coating fabrics branches and trunk.All compounded if the winter was windy.When strong gusts moisture loss can be critical.The process under consideration for the trees in the spring may not start.The plant freezes.Perish can not only branches, but all of the tree or shrub.To avoid this, you need moderate watering fruit and berry plants in the autumn, particularly in dry years.These measures can mitigate the deleterious effects of the wind.
Effect of irrigation on the growth of trees and shrubs
In some years, when given a very hot summer, tree growth is delayed.They lack moisture.If the second half of summer will begin a sudden heavy rains, then plant it is not very good.Due to the abundance of water trees and shrubs provide a strong flash of growth, and it is delayed.If the branch will continue to grow, they do not prepare for the winter period.We have already said, which means that the growing season.It involves the accumulation of nutrients while shoots should mature.If this does not happen, the plant may die.Therefore, the aim of getting growers in the autumn to avoid secondary shoot growth.
How to stop the growth of plants?
vegetation period of plants is characterized by strong growth.It begins in spring and lasts throughout the warm period until the first frost.Can it be suspended?In autumn it is possible to do.For this it is necessary to dry the soil around plants.To achieve this, you need around trees and shrubs to stop loose soil.For some time there has not touched wildly growing weeds.They its root system extracts moisture from the ground, evaporating surface it leaves.Thus, they reduce the risk of freezing in the winter trees.Even more advisable not to leave the weeds, and plant trees around and beneath cultural herbs and flowers.
Vegetation apple
apple marked the beginning of vegetation about 20 days after the established average daily temperature is above 5 degrees.But, of course, it should be noted that the spring may be different: quick or lingering.Therefore, experienced gardeners set the beginning of this period, as follows.They consider the amount of heat for fine days.Vegetation apple starts as soon as the figure will be over 200 degrees.If you know the exact date when the temperature (day course) become more than 5, it is quite simple to calculate the folding of the desired date.Why is it necessary?Because in this period the vigorous activity of the cambium, which means that the best time for grafting.
Vegetation currant
Among all fruit and berry plants one of the first growing season begins currants.Swelling buds on the shoots of her markedly in the first decade of April.In the southern regions, it comes a little earlier than in northern ones.From the beginning of the swelling of the buds before blooming buds it is just 10 days.At the same time in the bush is not even leaves.Flowering lasts no more than a week.
