Reasons are complex compounds, including two major structural components:
- gidroksogrupp (one or more).Hence, by the way, and the second name of these substances - "hydroxides".
- metal atom or an ammonium ion (NH4 +).
name reason is due to association names of both its components: for example, calcium hydroxide, copper hydroxide, silver and so on. D.
The only exception to the general rule of education bases should be regarded as ammonium hydroxide, when gidroksogrupp is attached not to the metaland for ammonium cation (NH4 +).This substance is produced in the case where there is dissolution in the water of ammonia.
If we talk about the properties of bases at once be noted that the valence gidroksogrupp is unity, respectively, the number of these groups in the molecule will depend on what valence possess reactive metals.Examples in this case can serve formula substances such as NaOH, Al (OH) 3, Ca (OH) 2.
If we talk about the physical properties of the bases, it is worth noting that all of them without exception - the solids of the various colors.In those cases where gidroksogrupp connected with monovalent metals, usually formed readily soluble in water base, in all other cases the resulting reaction base in water practically insoluble.Those which are readily soluble in water, are called alkali.They are chemically hazardous substances, corrosive to skin and mucous membranes.Besides the monovalent metal form of alkali and alkaline earth metals are the so-called - for example, such as barium, strontium.
chemical properties of insoluble bases lie in the fact that these compounds are either basic or amphoteric hydroxides.The last of them reacts with acids behave as alkali, and vice versa, interacting with alkalis, acids exhibit signs.Properties insoluble bases are widely used in light and heavy industry.Chemical properties
bases appear in their reactions with acids, salts, other bases as well as their effect on the indicators.In particular, the alkali can determine if the impact of their solution to a specific indicator.In this case, it is noticeably change its color, for example, a litmus test of the white turns blue, and phenolphthalein - raspberry.
chemical properties of grounds, manifested in their interaction with acids, leading to the famous neutralization.The essence of such a reaction that the metal atoms joining acid residues form a salt, and a hydrogen ion gidroksogrupp combine to turn into water.Neutralization reaction, this reaction is called because after it has neither alkaline nor acid.
characteristic chemical properties of reason manifested in their reactions with salts.It should be noted that the soluble salts in the reaction come only alkali.The structural features of these substances leads to the fact that the reaction, a new salt, a new, usually insoluble, base.
Finally, the chemical properties of grounds beautifully manifest themselves during exposure to heat - heat.Here, carrying out certain experiments should be borne in mind that practically all bases except alkalis under heating behave extremely unstable.The vast majority of them almost instantly falls into the corresponding oxide and water.If we take the base metals such as silver and mercury, in normal conditions they can not be obtained, as already start to decompose at room temperature.
