Russian language belongs to many Slavic languages, which are divided into the East Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian), West Slavic (Polish, Czech, Slovak) and South Slavic (Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Slowinski).
Origin of Russian
first data that tell about his appearance, opened with the IX century BC, at a time when the Slavic writing system was formed.Reliable information about the Slavic tribes date back to the IV century.In those days there were already three main groups of Slavs, therefore, and languages.However, they are up to the IX-X centuries, when there was writing, there were so similar to their lexical and grammatical system of composition that different tribes could easily understand each other.This indicates that the origin of Russian and other Slavic starts from general drevnetserkovnoslavyanskogo or Old Church Slavonic.
In turn, the Slavic languages are part of the Indo-European, which is also Greek, Latin, Modern Romance, Germanic, Celtic, Baltic languages, and some languages of India and Iran.It would seem, between the modern Persian, Albanian and Russian have nothing in common.However, when the comparative historical analysis can reveal some common basis, it suggests that all languages belonging to the Indo-European group, a very, very long time had a common language "platform" - Proto-Indo-European language, from which began its independent development.In turn, the Proto-Slavic language was a foundation of the Slavic, which belongs to the Russian language.The origin of any of them, so the process is very long, complex and quite controversial, so as to establish the sources of origin is only possible by comparing very scarce historical data containing grains, remains of the ancient word-forms and language constructs.
origin of words in the Russian language
vocabulary of modern Russian language evolved over a very long time.The process of forming the lexical structure of each language, including Russian, is closely linked with the development of the nation, the historical development of the people.At the heart of this process identified two components: a vocabulary primordial that existed in the language since ancient times, and borrowed words, which are gradually becoming part of its lexical system.
in the traditional vocabulary of the Russian language together groups of words with the Indo-European, East Slavonic, Old Russian and Russian bases itself, indicating the origin of the Russian language.
Indo-European vocabulary came into Russian from the ancient system, which belonged to single Slavonic language.These are words denoting relatives: mother, father, daughter;animals: bull, sheep;meal - bone, meat and others.
Words from the Slavic language inherited from the linguistic unity of the Slavic tribes from around the VI century BCIt is a term denoting plants and fauna - linden leaf, oak, wood, forest, root, branch, millet, peas, barley, etc.This lexical group includes concepts denoting tools and workflow - hoe, weave, fabric, shuttle, forging, etc .;words related to the topic of housing, food, household goods, animals and birds.
Some of the words in the Russian language belongs to the East Slavic or Old Russian vocabulary.They originated during the formation of Kievan Rus, which included the tribes of the Eastern Slavs.These words, found only in three East Slavic languages, for example, indicating the quality of action - good, rokotat;some degree of relationship - stepdaughter, uncle, some names of birds and animals, etc.
Actually Russian language make up words that have arisen in the language after the formation of the Great Russian nationality, when he began to take shape and develop a national Russian language about the XVII century.These are some concepts that indicate household items and food - cabbage rolls, pie, belyashi;designation action - discharge, smash, scold;Some abstract concepts - the experience up, fraud, etc.
Finally, a large lexical group in Russian words- make borrowing entered into it in the process of cultural, commercial, military and political ties with other countries.Such words are gradually assimilated, ie,They were part of the vernacular and the foreign language is gradually losing its meaning.In the Russian language they penetrated both from related Slavic languages and non-Slavic.Many words have been borrowed from the Greek in the period of the unity of the Slavic tribes.Scientific vocabulary and terminology for the most part come to us from the Latin.Word of the Turkic languages (most of the Tatar) entered the Russian language as a result of early cultural relations and predatory raids.One of the many groups make up borrowing from Western European languages, due to the cultural, legal, military and political reform of the Russian state since the time of Peter.
origin of Russian language and its lexical composition is closely linked with the emergence, formation and development of the people of the Russian nation and the state, because the language - is a complex, "live", to develop a "body", identifies and reflects the underlying processes in the human society.
