All organisms on Earth are divided into two large groups - cellular and non-cellular.The latter includes only viruses, but to the first - all other living beings.The cell may be eukaryotes (cells have a structure in the kernel), or prokaryotes (no nucleus).The latter are represented by bacteria, and the first to include all other groups of creatures.The structure of most of them is composed of a plurality of cells, but there are in this group single-celled organisms, plants, fungi and even animal.The latter include an amoeba, ciliates, a fungus - yeast, Mucor, Penicillium.
structure of cells of unicellular plants
These organisms are eukaryotes, that is, their DNA is in the nucleus, which has a protective function.Like all plant cells, they contain specific organelles such as vacuoles and plastids.Also in their structure consists of mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum, the organelle is a set standard for all eukaryotes.
functions
organelles Mitochondria perform one of the most important roles in the cell - they produce energy for all vital processes.Lysosomes are responsible for the intracellular digestion of nutrients.Functions are ribosomal protein synthesis from individual amino acids.
The Golgi complex molecules are synthesized by some developed and sorted all cell material.
endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in the metabolism of accumulating minerals synthesizing lipids and phospholipids.Organelles that are unique to plant cells, and perform equally important functions.In the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts, vacuoles serve as a reservoir for the unwanted cell materials.
celled plants.Examples
Such organisms belong to a class of algae.The most striking example is a single-celled plants chlamydomonas.This may also include chlorella and various kinds of diatoms.
avilable
celled plants of different species have their own distinctive features.Though they are and are composed of a single cell, but may have its own specific features.
Chlamydomonas - the most famous representative of unicellular algae.They differ from the others in that they have organelles such as the light-sensitive eye, by which organisms can determine where there is more solar energy for photosynthesis.Instead, numerous chloroplasts they have one large, called chromatophores.Also in their structure consists of the contractile vacuole.They act as pumps that pump out the excess liquid.Furthermore, they have two flagella, organelles, which allow the body to move in the direction of light.Another one-celled plants - chlorella.
like Chlamydomonas, they are green algae, but do not have so many special organelles as described above organisms.Their cells - typical vegetable.
Diatoms are unicellular and plants.They are a major component of plankton dwelling in large bodies of water.They have a specific cell membrane that protects the body from the external environment.It consists of silica, iron oxide, aluminum and other compounds.From the remnants of the shells are formed of many minerals.Most of the single-celled plants reproduce way division.All this kind of organisms get their nutrients through photosynthesis, ie they are autotrophs.
