Hydrogen - a chemical element of the easiest in its structure, and the most common in nature.According to some scientific data, the share of this item accounts for over ninety percent of all the atoms.The most important compound in which the presence of hydrogen - water.Its chemical formula is written as: H2O.The hydrogen atom is a single proton, which represents the core and one electron.It is the only element that is a combustible gas.
How is a hydrogen atom in the periodic table?
This item is located at the top of the first group.This is done for the reason that a hydrogen atom, losing its electrons forming a positive ion with a single charge.However, under certain conditions, hydrogen can acquire the metallic properties.Under normal conditions, it takes only the properties peculiar to non-metals.Hydrogen has significant differences from the rest of the elements belonging to the first group.
How to get hydrogen in the laboratory?
Hydrogen can be obtained by the action of acids on metals nekontsentrirorvannyh: Zn (zinc solid) + 2HCl (aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid) = ZnCl2 (aqueous zinc oxide) + H2 (gas)
Production of hydrogen by hydrolysis: 2H3O-+ 2e- = H2 (gas) + 2H2O (water.)
Hydrogen production is possible by the action of alkalis on aluminum or zinc.These metals can react with aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.This produces hydrogen:
Zn (zinc) + 2OH- + 2H2O = (Zn (OH) 4) 2- (tetragidroksotsinkat ion)) + H2 (gas)
Al (aluminum) + 2OH- + 6H2O = (Al (OH) 4) - (tetragidroksoalyuminat ion) + H2 (gas).
also active chemical element can be obtained by hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of: CaH2 (calcium hydride) + 2H2O (water) = Ca (OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) + 2H2 (hydrogen).
hydrogen isotopes
There are three isotopic forms of the chemical element: No, deuterium and tritium.In the natural hydrogen it contains about 99% from, the rest of the percentage accounted for by deuterium.The third isotope is a radioactive isotope is unstable.For this reason, it is found in nature only in trace amounts.Tritium emits radioactive particles, and its half-life is 12.3 years.
isotopic forms of hydrogen have virtually the same chemical properties, but they differ greatly in physical.For each compound has a deuterium hydrogen counterpart.The most important of them - is deuterium oxide (or heavy water).This material is used in nuclear reactors.Obtained by the electrolysis of its water.
chemical properties of hydrogen
before us a chemical element can recover non-metals of groups 4-7, oxides and organic unsaturated compounds to oxidize metals, thereby forming a hydride.
hydrogen compounds
This ionic and covalent complex hydrides and hydrides such as intercalation compounds.
Hydrogen
- Bora process;
- from natural gas or naphtha (naphtha);
- by cracking and reforming hydrocarbons;
- by means of electrolysis of brine (ie an aqueous solution of sodium chloride).
hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics
hydrogen atoms is important in quantum mechanics, since for him the problem of two bodies has an analytical approach or exact value.These solutions can be used for different isotopes of hydrogen, but with the appropriate correction.The hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics describes the two-particle wave function.Also, it is regarded as not participating in the motion of electrons in the electrostatic field of the atomic nuclei of heavy.
hydrogen atom Bohr
In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed his model of the hydrogen atom.It has many simplifications and assumptions.Despite the fact that the model was not quite right, Bohr deduced from it, and the emission spectrum was correct values of the energy levels of the atom.
