According to the existing provisions of the law on currency regulation, in a series of currency values include foreign banknotes, securities, stock shares, vouchers, bonds, and other obligations in them, precious metals (gold, silver, platinum) as well as precious stones.The main types of foreign exchange transactions involving the transfer of ownership to the currency valuables, including those transactions in which a foreign currency or foreign payment instruments used as means of payment.All types of foreign exchange transactions are governed by the applicable provisions of the law on currency regulation, namely: it is - the acquisition of currency values and the currency of a foreign state resident or nonresident of the Russian Federation, their import, transfer and export.In essence, their content, the types of foreign exchange transactions are divided into several subspecies.The procedure for conducting such operations be approved only by the provisions of the CBR.Moreover, according to the Civil Code of Russia, foreign currency is somewhat limited and can not be in wide circulation, as the main means of payment on the territory of Russia is the ruble.The individual payments in foreign currency may be carried out only with the permission of the Central Bank of Russia.
Concept and types of currency transactions legislated in many departmental regulations and based on the provisions of the law on currency regulation and control.It provides highlights of these operations with different types of currencies and currency values used in the Russian Federation.The rules on registration of currency values, as well as the powers of state organs and their functional rights and duties in the field of regulation and control of foreign exchange transactions provided for in the Act.
Types of currency transactions also vary in form.Foreign currency transactions are divided into current operations and directly related to the movement of foreign capital.The operations related to the movement of capital foreign currency investment to acquire shares and rights to manage the company, the purchase of securities, real estate purchase, deferred payment and receipt (provision) credit for a period of more than six months and others.Current operations with foreign exchange funds can be carried out by residents of the Russian Federation without any restrictions, and foreign exchange transactions related to movement of capital may be carried out only with the permission of the Central Bank.
Today particularly relevant are the following types of foreign exchange transactions - namely, import currency values, their transmission and export.The export of foreign exchange values, without any rules and restrictions may carry out commercial banking institutions that have received a general license.Commercial banking institutions authorized by the lack of legal basis and are required to conduct foreign exchange transactions only with the permission of the Central Bank.However, they are required to complete customs documents (Declaration) and pay customs fees.Residents and non-residents (natural person) are able to carry out together certain types of foreign exchange transactions.These include international transfers to Russia and from Russia to settlements with a grace period of up to six months.This - the sale or purchase of foreign currency at the Central Bank.This currency purchase by bank transfer through the authorized banking institutions.Receipt and return of loan funds both physical and legal persons, as well as return (receipt) of penalties governed by this provision.All other transactions carried out with the movement of foreign capital, subject to carrying out only after obtaining special permission from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
It should be noted particularly that the currency regulation and control of movement of foreign currency on the territory of Russia in accordance with the existing priorities in the implementation of the state policy that used incentives to conduct foreign exchange transactions.The state provides an equal degree of protection of the rights and the interests of both residents and non-residents.Established a measure of responsibility for illegal interference or omissions of public authorities in carrying out foreign exchange controls.And this is a very important factor to ensure high standards of economic development, including foreign exchange regulation.
