Organization and planning of production, changes in the competitive environment, quality control, computerization of production processes, the need of consumers for food - all these requirements necessitate solutions businesses challenges of effective management of production costs.Reducing the cost of storage, transport operations improves the position of the company from the competition and leadership in the system of market relations.Essential here is played by the organization and the technology industry, the choice of the optimal solution with respect to the costs of logistics operations.
logistics costs associated with storage, transport, supply, collection and processing of data on orders.In content, they are reminiscent of the cost of production, transportation, the cost of delivery and dispatch of goods.The current organization of production at the plant, preparation of new products to the transportation and delivery to the consumer represents a significant set of problems whose solution is needed to ensure the effective use of financial resources of the enterprise.
logistics costs as the sum of the costs of management and implementation of logistics processes, within certain limits movement of material flows are not isolated from the cost accounting of the enterprise.This makes it difficult to assess their level, as well as analysis of their influence on the efficiency of logistics systems.
most important components of logistics costs are the costs of inventory management and transport costs.Organization and planning of production take into account that logistic costs generated as a result of the functioning of the supply chain, processes and distribution channels.For individual enterprise they should be expressed as the sum of three main components: the cost of delivery (LCn), industrial and technological or operational costs (IX) and distribution and marketing costs (IX '): LC = LCn + LCQ + LCp.The current organization and production planning at the enterprise level, provide that logistics costs are determined by a percentage or monetary amount of sales per unit weight of components or raw materials.
of logistics costs must be based on certain principles: direct communication costs with the processes of production, circulation and marketing;planning the logistics costs;the reliability of the information base for planning;the formation of logistics costs in the enterprise as a whole and separately for units;calculating the logistics costs for a specific period of time.
Thus, efficient organization and planning of production, high-quality logistics management are achieved by minimizing the logistical costs of the enterprise, which cover the areas of procurement, production and marketing.
problem of assessing the effectiveness of innovation devoted quite a bit of scientific papers.Generally in these studies evaluated the effectiveness of possible projects of investment in innovation.In domestic science traditionally used the theory of efficiency.In Western literature on the subject there are different approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of innovation.The most interesting work, you can call the article "Measuring innovation efficiency", by Hugo Hollanersa (Hugo Hollanders) and Funda Selikel Esser (Funda Celikel Esser), which analyzes the innovation performance of a number of EU countries.The study used Data envelopment analysis (DEA) - a method based on the principles of linear programming for determining the relative effectiveness of production units, designated as (DMU - Decision Making Unit).
