This article will address the rulers of Russia in chronological order.We will try to highlight the most significant activities of princes, kings and emperors.Among them were women.For a thousand years, much has changed in the Russian state.
Let's go through the most significant milestones in the history of our country.
statehood formation
great rulers of Russia played a notable role not only in the internal processes of formation of the statehood.Many of them have become prominent figures in international politics.An example of the output of the country on the world stage can serve as a change in the title of the rulers from the prince to the emperor.
Novgorod princes
Next you will be presented with some of the rulers of Russia.In order of succession to the throne, the nobility and vysokorodstva always the first place were Rurik.Who was the founder of this kind?The famous during the reign of the princes of Novgorod?
As stated in the "Tale of Bygone Years", the Slavic tribes called his princes Vikings.They were Rurik and his brothers.He identified with konung Rerik from Denmark.
period of his reign was marked by the expansion of the influence on the tribes of Novgorod, Ryazan and Murom lands.Heir he left Igor minor, the guardian of the same when it became Prophetic Oleg.
Last glorified the struggle against the Khazars, the transfer of the capital to Kiev and won a campaign against Byzantium.
Olga
first female governor in Russia.After the death of her husband, Igor, she had to take power into their own hands.Chroniclers later recalled it as "the dawn before the dawn."Such a comparison she deserved to be the first of the nobility converted to Christianity.
Like many rulers in the period from the ninth to the eleventh century or the year of her birth, a place she nor any kind - it is not known.There are several hypotheses.
first said that she is descended from the Vikings, the second - from Pskov.There is also a version that Olga - the daughter of Oleg Prophetic.It is known only that she was born in the late ninth century.
She was married to Igor, she lived for several years in the wards, not caring about the board.But after his death during the next collection of tribute from Drevlyane, Olga had the most direct orders.
First it revenge, destroying most Drevlyane and conquer this nation.Then she took the rise of economy and culture in Russia and adopted Christianity during the journey to Constantinople.
the son of her, Svyatoslav remained a pagan, and began to rule during the life of the mother.This behavior - change of faith - squad and many notable people of Kiev perceived negatively.
But this attitude did not last long.Soon everything changed.
Vladimir Red Sun
Vladimir Svyatoslavich, yet it is called the Great.What is he famous?We have mentioned in this article many rulers of Russia.Dates of the Board captured between mid-ninth century to the last emperor, who was shot by the Bolsheviks.But Vladimir has committed an act that influenced the subsequent development of the country.
He 988 baptized Rus.Such a turn of events contribute to the rapprochement with the Byzantine Empire and the beginning of the confrontation with Western Europe and the Eastern countries.
kings and rulers of Russia in the history of the country made a lot of important things.They expanded and combined territory to confront the enemy, suppressed the uprising, but the prince of the people has been nicknamed "Red Sun".It was his love and understanding of simple artisans and peasants, as well as for raising the cultural level of Russia on the name of Vladimir there in centuries.
In addition, he was canonized.
Yaroslav the Wise One of the greatest princes in the history of our Motherland - Yaroslav, son of Vladimir the Great, who baptized Russia.He is famous for being closely engaged in educating the "dark" of the people, and through marriages of their children establish strong and friendly relations with European countries.
What we know today about this great man?
Until now, there are disputes about the exact date of the birth of Yaroslav.If you bring together data from several chronicles, we can say with certainty that he was born between 983 and 986 years.
began his reign he Rostov, where he "put on the table" father.Further events are just as did all the rulers of Russia.In chronological order happened accession sons, Vladimir, from older to younger.So the next step (after the death of the prince of Novgorod Vysheslav, older brother) began moving Yaroslav Novgorod.
These two periods covered quite poorly.More interesting are the events after his rebellion against his father, the Prince of Kiev.Vladimir died, and not suppressing the rebellion.After his death, the struggle begins for the capital city of Kiev.
Svjatopolka kept Poles and Cumans, and Jaroslav hired Vikings.As a result of the battle in 1019 Jaroslaw became the Prince of Kiev.
During this time he continued to fight with Polovtsy (Sophia Cathedral, by the way, laid in honor of the victory over them).And also strengthens marriage relations with foreign countries.He had ten children - seven sons and three daughters.Elizabeth Anastasia and Anna were married in Norway, Hungary and France, respectively.Of the sons of only two left for other countries.Poland Izyaslav and Vsevolod to Greece, later had a son, Vladimir Monomakh.
Not all rulers of Russia and Russia can boast that they are "uncle" of many European rulers of his time.
Dmitry Donskoy
Kulikov battle, perhaps the most famous event in the reign of the rulers of Russia.It happened in 1380.It is a battle dotted the «i».Since that time, the Muscovite state was a major player in the international arena.Horde Duchy of Lithuania, the Byzantine Empire beginning to reckon with it.
What is known about the Dmitry Donskoy?What influenced the formation of such a wise and successful military leader?Let's look further.
future Grand Prince of Moscow and Vladimir was born in 1350 in Moscow.His guardian was the Metropolitan Alexei, which greatly influenced the formation of Dmitry.
Along with maturing of the prince and his dedication to the rule of the state decays of the Golden Horde.After the death of Berdibek the struggle for power.But Dmitri still gets a shortcut on the board of the Khan.In Russia, support his candidacy, in addition to Moscow joins the Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir return.Last moves to the separate management.
difficult decision for the prince was open disobedience Horde Khan.This happened when a Lithuanian-Orda Union has decided to plant his protege Vladimir.Dmitry gathered an army and opposed the pretender.
At the same time Grand Duke engaged in the consolidation of lands around Moscow.As the history of Russia, the rulers of this period is mainly combined area of scattered principalities into a single state.
Insubordination Horde Khan angered the latter.Mamai collects troops and goes to Russia.Along the way, he robs the Ryazan principality.Khan's plans included a joint attack on Moscow with the participation of Lithuanians, Genoese mercenaries and Ryazan.But Dmitry Donskoy foresaw such a turn of events, and refused the offer to pay tribute to the Horde, came with an army to intercept Mom.The main goal was to meet in a fight with Khan without his allies.
battle took place in an area of ten square kilometers of Kulikovo (now the Tula region).The result was achieved almost "Pyrrhic victory".The prince did not continue the pursuit of broken Khan meant huge losses.However, Mamaia Tokhtamysh met on the way to the Crimea and inflicted a final defeat.Becoming a full-fledged
Khan Tokhtamysh goes to Moscow, grabs her, but Dmitry agrees to maintain Russian native land for his return for tribute.Subsequently, he began to establish relations with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to oppose the Horde Khan.
Thus, if the list the names of the rulers of Russia, Dmitry Donskoy will be among the most famous.He was able not only to continue land consolidation after Ivan Kalita, but also inflicted a critical defeat of the Golden Horde, built white-stone Moscow and strengthened dynastic ties with Eastern Europe.
Ivan the Terrible
as subsequent ruler, which we will discuss later, Ivan the Terrible became a notable figure in the history.Officially, he was the last "Grand Duke" and the first "King of All Russia."
His pedigree is simply amazing.It merged the genus Rurik, Mamaia (originator Glinskikh) and Palaeologus (dynasty of the Byzantine emperors).That can not boast of many rulers of Russia.In chronological order of Ivan IV activities will be discussed further.
Formally, he became Grand Duke in three years, but was anointed king at sixteen.His ascension to the throne merged the interests of many.First, he wanted to rule.Secondly, Metropolitan Macarius sought to strengthen Orthodoxy, which is slightly deteriorated in the period.Third, the Byzantine Empire needed an ally and who is believed to be listen to the emperor.
In fact, Ivan showed himself an independent, powerful and skilled military leader and king.As the history of Russia's rulers strengthen the state or wallow in the internal intrigues and demolish many of the previously created.In the same Grand Duke merged both of these qualities.
Early in his career he made a trip almost all neighbors.Livonian Order and the Crimean Khanate, Sweden, Kazan and Astrakhan.Some campaigns have been successful, the majority - do not.The main problem was a conflict with the European states.
In the first stage everything was going well: the Order was defeated, the Crimean Khan defeated.However, the period of the oprichnina, which will be discussed below, all crossed.The reorientation of the king's domestic problems gave respite to foreign enemies.
As a result, after a long decade of war, Russia has lost all the conquered lands to the west, and gave part of the townships, cutting themselves thereby access to the sea.Against the will of the king's brothers and Ermak Stroganoff seized large areas of Siberia, than significantly help the state.
Let's now talk about the oprichnina.It was a political move of the king, in which he wanted to create an absolute monarchy, eliminating all the discontented boyars.Over the years oprichnina were executed and tortured many eminent family.
headed guardsmen stood Malyuta Skuratov, a hallmark of the troops began a dog's head and broom tied to the saddle horse.
The problem this time is that the goal of his oprichnina not reached, and planted a "great confusion and strife among the people."So much so that Ivan the Terrible had a year to sit on the throne of Moscow Khan to get out of the situation.During the year of the latter-day "Grand Duke" the king got rid of many senior guardsmen and showed to the people that have it worse rulers.
During the reign of the rulers of Russia had no such domestic terror that perpetrate Ivan the Terrible.This policy has contributed to undermining the power of the state and the subsequent surrender of the lands to the west.
Thus began the reign of Ivan the triumphant take-off, but he was unable to cope with the "free-thinking boyars" and mired in a showdown.That is, he led the country to decline.
Peter I
Beginning with Peter I, the great rulers of the Russian name of the emperor.He himself, in fact, was the last one who bore the title of king.
Generally, researchers estimate about its activities are fundamentally different.Some consider him the greatest of reformers, others expressed the exact opposite, and sharply criticized the policy of the state in the years of his reign.
Let's see what caused such mixed reviews.
Peter A. was the fourteenth child of his father, Aleksey Mikhailovich.The difficulty in his case was the fact that his mother was Natalia Naryshkin, the second wife of the king.That is his throne could go only as a last resort.
As a child, Peter received poor education, as a result of the confusion among the clergy raised its ordinary clerks.However, gaps in the theoretical knowledge is easily made up for later practice, though he wrote all his life with errors.
his way to board began after Archer's rebellion, which led to an interesting twist in the history of Russia.At the insistence of musketeers, to the throne had been planted at the same time, two of the king.The first was the older brother, Ivan, from Sophia Alexeyevna, the second Peter.Today you can see in the Armoury of their dual throne.
After Sofia took on the role of caregiver, Natalia Naryshkin and his son was sent to the village of Transfiguration, where Peter spent his youth.
Here was the establishment of the future emperor as a great military leader and scholar.He carries a game of soldiers in the real world and creates Mock shelves.
Gradually, Peter becomes a threat to Queen Sofia.It attempts to eliminate it, but due to the fact that the army obeyed the young prince, the ruler was overthrown and exiled to a monastery.
First Peter, after he came to power, was the capture of Azov.Now opened the passage to the Azov and Black seas.
But to compete with rivals such sea, such as the Ottoman Empire, while Russia could not.So the king sends aristocratic youth in Europe "training", and soon goes himself.
Peter - the first ruler of Russia, who took a step toward progress.No wonder they say that he had "opened a window to Europe" for a year, during which visited the Baltic States, the Netherlands, Austria, England.The aim of the Embassy was to find allies in the struggle against the Ottoman Empire.
But apart from diplomatic missions, Peter has mastered shipbuilding, he visited the foundry, became acquainted with the activities of the British Parliament.
result of this mission was not the war with the Ottoman Empire, as it might seem, and the complete reorientation of the policy of the Russian state.Now the king's interests are in the Baltic States.
returning home, the king held a series of reforms, such as shaved beard boyars "in the European manner."In addition, he suffered a celebration of the New Year on January 1.
Further events developed quite quickly.The victory in the Northern War with Sweden, hiking on the Ottoman Empire, Iran, development of Siberia.The result of these actions was the conversion of Russia from the usual medieval state into a vast empire.
Peter himself took the title of the first Russian emperor.The era of the kings is over.The state entered the world arena.
No wonder they say that Peter I the Great - the best ruler of Russia.He fully deserves this title for their achievements in life.
Catherine II
following significant personality that influenced the further growth of the power and popularity of the country on the world stage, has become Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbst, the transition to Orthodoxy betrothed Catherine.
She was born in the family of a German prince.In Russia, however, it turned out to be by chance.The Empress, looking for a bride to his son chose her candidacy.
Her mother was expelled from Russia as a "spy in favor of Prussia," but this did not prevent his wife Catherine to become Peter III.
future empress was initially not quite fit into the new family.
successive rulers of Russia might have been different if not for the behavior of her husband and mother in law.Peter immediately distanced himself from Catherine, thus greatly has promoted the appearance of her favorites, as well as secret relations with the British.
As long growing popularity of German girl in noble circles of the capital, the credibility of the emperor only fall.The culmination was the decision of Peter after the death of Elizabeth.After winning a series of victories in the war with Prussia, he signs quite disadvantageous agreement.Returns the last conquered territories, and becomes her ally against Denmark.
Such short-sighted policy of Peter helped Catherine coup.With the help of the British and French armies subsidies and support it has become the new empress of Russia.
