Russian interior of the hut is an integral part of the history and culture of Russia.It was she, izbenka old, has become a major part of the folklore and even the heroine of many tales and legends.Remember even a hut on chicken legs - fabulous home of Baba Yaga, the witch terrible that scares small children.It is often the main tracing around the finger fairy-tale characters.
So Ivan Tsarevich turns to her for help in order to get rid of the terrible fate of his favorite, and not without cunning received gifts old witch.Grandma-Yozhka - a negative character, which helps in the creation of atrocities Koscheyu Immortal, Snake and Dragon Cat Baiyun.But at the same time, this "character" is pretty fun, funny and satirical.
about the origins of the word "cottage" in Russia had many interpretations, depending on where people live, so called differently.There are synonyms, as yzba, istba, izba, boiler-house and istobka.These words are often used in Russian chronicles, which, again, suggests connectivity and inseparable housing with human life.This phrase has a direct relationship with the Russian verbs such as "flushing" or "heat up."This building was first functional load, since it was intended to warm in the cold, and shelter from the weather conditions.
What is the chalet general
Russian interior of the hut is hard to imagine without a furnace, because it was she who was the center of the room and her favorite part.It is known that many of the East Slavic peoples, Ukrainian, Russian and Belarus remained the term "boiler-house."Well, as mentioned earlier, it represents a heated building.It was and storage for storing vegetables, and premises of different sizes.
To know how to paint furniture Russian house, you need to understand what it means to a man.A significant event was the construction of houses for the peasant.It was not enough to solve a practical problem and to secure a roof over their heads.The first house is a complete living space for the whole family.The interior of the old Russian house had to be filled as far as possible all the necessary good things of life, providing residents a warm, give them love and a sense of peace.Such housing can be built only on the old precepts of ancestors and traditions peasants always observe very carefully.
about the traditions of particular importance in the construction of the house was given to the choice of place to the structure was subsequently light, dry and high.The ritual had a value of no less importance.
happy place - is something that has passed a rigorous test of time and been habitable before: become successful for previous owners who lived here.Unsuccessful considered territory near the graves, baths, which were built there before, as well as close to the road.It was believed that the devil himself walks along this path and can look into the dwelling.
about building materials
materials for the construction of the hut was chosen very carefully.Russian used for the construction of pine and larch logs.These trees have a long and straight trunks, smooth and tight lie adjacent to each other.They are well-kept internal heat and did not rot.Selection of logs in the forest was quite a difficult occupation, centuries of the fathers to the children passed a set of rules, the algorithm selection log.Otherwise, if you choose the wrong, bad stuff - the house will bring misery and unhappiness.
Even krestyanskoy interior decoration of the hut could not be cut down sacred trees.They could bring the house heavy ailment.There was a belief, stating that such a special breed to live alone in the woods, and die a natural death.If you violate the ban, they bring death and sorrow in the house.
Dry wood has also been unsuitable for construction.The place where the trees grew, too, was important.The tree, which grew at the junction of forest roads is a "violent" and can bring into the house of a great misfortune - to destroy the carcass and thereby kill the owners of the house.
Rites
Without ceremonies of the Slavs did not do and the process of construction of the house.At the beginning of the construction of sacrifices.The victim in this case was considered a chicken or a sheep.This process is carried out when laying the first wreath hut.Under the logs put money, wool and grain as a symbol of wealth, prosperity, love and family warmth.Also, to put the incense as a sign of holiness homes, as well as a kind of amulet against evil forces.At the end of (construction) of all parties involved sat down at the table and were treated to delicious dishes.
terrible sacrifice ceremony held on purpose.The victim was to create a home and fortress to protect against adversity.Sometimes a gift to the gods brought man, but that in rare cases, in order to protect the whole tribe from enemies.Most often betrayed suffering herds: a bull or a horse.During archaeological excavations in the old houses have been found just their skeletons, as well as horse skull.
to do special ritual pit, the remains had to be put there.She was under the red area that housed the icons and other charms.There were other favorite animal sacrifices for the building.Thus the favorite for the Slavs became a rooster or chicken.This is evidenced by the tradition of placing weathervanes as males, as well as an image or statue of the animal on the roof.
can cite the example of the immortal classic Nikolai Gogol "Wii".All the evil spirits disappeared after cock crow.Therefore, the "screamer" is intended to protect the house from evil spirits.Photos, furniture Russian log hut which is shown in all its glory, are presented in this article.
Diagram of the roof
roof was also made by a special scheme:
- chute;
- ohlupen;
- stamik;
- slug;
- flint;
- Knyazev slug (CNES);
- rampant slug;
- male;
- felling;
- prichelina;
- chicken;
- pass;
- bull;
- oppression.
General view hut
decoration of Russian log hut on the outside, is how imagined and built by our ancestors, it was special.According to the old traditions of the hut was built thousands of years.Russian log hut decoration depended on where people lived and to which tribe he belonged, as each tribe had its own traditions and laws by which they can be distinguished.
Even now, one can not distinguish the cottage in the European part of Russia.After all, in the north dominated by log houses, because there was plenty of woods.In the south it was also huge reserves of clay, so the hut-hut built from it.Just execute and the interior of the Russian hut.Photo yavlyutsya good example.
According to ethnographers, no folk thought was not established immediately in its original form, such as we can observe today.History, culture, and with them the idea of people changing and evolving, bringing in all that was created, harmony, beauty and great power of love.This also applies to the home, which was formed and became more functional and convenient.These statements are proved and the mass conducted archaeological excavations.
Russian decoration of the hut is largely dependent on the climatic conditions in which people lived, and on the available building material.So, in the north of the ground was wet and thick forests full of logs suitable for the construction of dwellings, and in the south dominated and actively used other products.Accordingly, in the southern regions it was distributed semi-dugouts.This doom was a recess and a half meters into the ground, respectively, had a bulk floor.This type of housing in Russia lasted until the 14-15th centuries.
After this time period were built ground buildings with wooden floors, since learned to handle logs and make planks.Also makes the house, raised above the ground.They were more versatile because they had 2 floors and offer an opportunity for a comfortable life, vegetable storage stocks of hay and shelter for cattle in the same house.
the north, with an abundance of lush forests and fairly moist cold climates, huts quickly became home ground, faster than in the south.The Slavs and their ancestors have occupied quite a large area and different from each other ancient traditions, including in the construction of housing.But every family is best adapts to the environmental conditions, therefore we can not say that some of the huts were worse.Everything had its place.Now you can figure out how to paint furniture Russian hut.
Details about the construction
Below is a photo.The decoration of Russian log hut on it demonstrated the most typical of Lake Ladoga, the corresponding time period of 9-11 centuries.The base of the house was a square, that is, the width is equal to the length of which was 5 meters.
carcass construction of the hut require careful and thorough approach because the crowns were to be the same, and logs - fit tightly to each other, inachё all the work for nothing.
Bars were to adhere as closely as possible, in order to protect the inhabitants from cold winds and drafts.So do grooves in the wooden house through a single log.In this hole fit convex edge another board.The grooves between insulated bog moss, which carried not only the heat insulation value, but also antibacterial.On top of this building are coated with clay.
about the nuances of construction
Russian interior of the hut is sometimes assumed ground floor, which is watered and rammed why getting solid and smooth.During the cleaning layer of dirt just wipes off with a broom.But most of the interior of a peasant's hut implied wooden floor and raised above the ground to a height of half a meter.This was done in order to build underground.From his living room with a stove led hatch.In the underground preserved all vegetable stocks.
Russian decoration of the hut from wealthy people assume another add-on.Outside the house was like a three-tiered.
About annexes
The interior of Russian log hut also had a few nuances.Russian people often attach to your housing hallway with large wide windows.It was called the canopy.So, at the entrance to the house had first come into the hall, and then enter into the chamber.Such an entrance width reached 2 meters.Sometimes the passage connected to a barn for cattle, so, consequently, made them more.
In addition, this extension had plenty of other destinations.They kept good and were making something useful in bad weather, as the peasant idle never sat.In the summer there can be put to sleep after a busy holiday visitors.Such housing archeologists have given the name "double chamber" because it was a 2 room.
interior of a peasant's hut not without cages.Since the beginning of the 10th century, this room serves as extra bedroom, which was used only in the summer, because it is not heated.In the same year round you can store food.And in the winter - even perishable food, because there is always cold.
how to build kovlya
roof in the house was made by several techniques: it can be wooden, shingled, plank or lath.With the development of history, and with it the skills of the people in the time period of 16-17 th centuries the Slavs have developed a unique concept of birch bark roof covering, which protects against leakage.She also carried an aesthetic purpose as betrayed diversity construction.On the roof I put some earth and turf.It was the old "smart technology" protecting the house from fire.
dugouts and huts windows, as a rule, did not have.The interior decoration of Russian log hut because of this look, of course, not the way we used to imagine.There were small window openings, covered stomachs of cattle.But later, when the hut "rose" above the ground, began to make large glass windows, which not only transmits light, but also lets you see what's happening on the street.External decorations Russian hut implied glazed windows, which at first (10th century) was only the wealthy owners.
Toilet in Russia was named "Zadok" and was situated, as a rule, in the hall.It was a hole in the floor, which "looked" down toward the ground layer, which usually kept cattle.He appeared in the houses since the 16th century.
On the construction of windows
Russian log hut in the decoration of the late hour was not without windows.Typically, window opening was 2 adjacent beams that have been chipped to half.There was inserted a rectangular frame having a latch that is "walked" in the horizontal direction.
inner space of the hut
interior of the hut was a Russian one to three premises.Entrance to the house began with the passage.The room is designed for housing has always been very warm and heated oven.The interior of the hut (photo) perfectly illustrates the life of the common people of those times.
As for wealthy farmers and people with a high rank, in their home was a place and an extra room, which was called the Upper Room.It hosts receiving guests, and it also was very warm, bright and spacious.Heated oven, was Dutch.
Russian interior of the hut was not without ovens, which occupies most of the room, which was located at the entrance.However, in the southern part of the country it is located in the far corner.
interior of Russian log hut differed special, but at the same time simple enough, placing objects.The dining table is usually stood in the corner diagonally across from the oven.Directly above him was a "red corner" with icons and other charms.Along the walls were benches placed on them shelves built into the wall.Such a Russian interior decoration of the hut (photo) are found almost everywhere.
oven had versatile load because not only brought warmth and delicious food, but also had a sleeper.
The interior of Russian log hut also shows that there was a lot in common with the traditions of the East Slavic peoples, but there were differences.In the north of Russia, people built oven-stone.The name they received because they were made of stone without the use of a bonding solution.
in the Old Ladoga foundation stone furnace was equal to one and a half meters in diameter.The decoration of a peasant's hut near Izborsk implied stove, made of clay, but on a stone base.The length and width of it reached up to 1 meter, as well as in height.
In the southern areas of the East Slavic countries oven was built over a large and wide, stone foundation is laid in its rough calculation and a half meters in length and 2 - wide.At the height of such a furnace reaches 1.2 meters.
