In Northern Europe, there is an amazing country for its beauty - Ireland.Dublin - the capital of the republic.The city is situated on the confluence of the site.Lofii in Dublin Bay, which is located in the Irish Sea.Its area is equal to one hundred and fifteen square kilometers.Dublin City is the main port of the country, in addition, it serves as the center of political, economic and cultural life of the state.
history
origin of the name is believed that the word "Dublin" appeared as a result of the merger of two Irish words - «dubh» and «linn», which translated as "plant" and "black".However, some researchers have questioned this version, assuming the name of the capital formed by the Scandinavian phrase «djup lind» - «deep creek."However, most historians and linguists, the first option seems more plausible.
How modern Irish call their city in their native language?Baile Átha Cliath.Translated, it means "a settlement at the ford."This long title is often replaced by the abbreviation YOU.The modern city with mixed Anglo-Irish version of the name on a par with the native Irish.
Historical information
Ancient whether this country - Ireland?Dublin, for example, in 140 BC was already a full-fledged Celtic settlement with the monastery.He later became a stronghold of the Scandinavian kingdom on the island.In 902, the Vikings were expelled from Dublin, together with the indigenous people, but unruly Scandinavians returned to the inhabited land in 917 in the 1014 Battle of Clontarf took place, during which the Celts led by their king Brian Boru defeated the army of Vikings.Defeated party adhered peace policy agreements and alliances, allowing the Vikings ruled on their land over the next three centuries.
Middle
in 1169 was invaded by the troops of Henry II Plantagenet Ireland.Dublin as a result of the victory of the invaders became a stronghold of the British government.Due to the recognition of Pope Henry II became Lord of Ireland, and proclaimed a royal town above.This happened in 1171.Then the Anglo-Norman invaders began to actively absorb the local culture, customs and learn the Irish language.Since then began a close, though not always easy relations between the Irish and the English.
Colonization
Tudor has sought to ensure that it obeyed the whole of Ireland.Dublin as the island's main city of special interest.
In 1592, thanks to the efforts of Queen Elizabeth I, the capital of the college was founded, "Trinity."He was a Protestant school for Irish nobility.The richest clans Dublin refused to teach it to their children.Instead, the offspring of wealthy local notables went to Catholic schools on the continent.
Subsequently, the British authorities have made a number of changes in order to impose the Catholic majority of its requirements.For this reason, so-called new British formed the backbone of the administration of the country.This situation was observed until the nineteenth century.
In the 1640s, thousands of Protestants fled to Dublin.The capital was on the verge of revolt.Excitement has been avoided, but the Catholics have remained in the minority.
physiographic features
Modern Dublin is divided into two roughly equal parts - north and south - the river Liffey.It flows from west to east and flows into the Irish Sea.River long perceived as an obstacle because very swampy stretch on the west and in the mouth.For several centuries, this problem was solved thanks to the filling of wetlands and serious strengthening embankments.Currently, there is a tendency to lift the water level Liffey.
Climatic data
Is the favorable climate to Dublin?The capital is characterized by small changes in temperature, mild winters and cool summers.Warmest in June and July.Precipitation in Dublin approximately two times lower than in Western Ireland, and is the same as in London.Most often it rains in August and December.Most dry, usually in April.The average annual rainfall is at 762 mm.This is less than, for example, in New York, Sydney or Dallas.
Map Dublin allows you to see that the city is at a high latitude.For this reason, in the capital in the summer may be light to nineteen hours a day, and in the winter - just to nine.
City is one of the safest in terms of natural disasters.He is not afraid of a tsunami, earthquakes, hurricanes and tornadoes.In Dublin and sometimes burst strong gusty winds, but other places in Ireland suffer from them much more.
Experts have identified a small temperature difference between the center and outskirts of the capital.Thus, in the heart of the city for two or three degrees warmer.Coldest in December, January and February.In the period from November to April snow may fall, but it usually melts within four or five days.Thunderstorms are rare, usually in summer.
system power
City is managed by Dublin City Council.This representative body.Election of the members are held every five years.In place of the Council may qualify representatives of both society and political parties.It is the largest organ of municipal authority in all of Ireland.The Council deals with amendments to the laws, controls the municipal budget.In addition, in the area of his attention - the quality of roads, water, health.A key figure of the body - the city manager.Central office is located in a building on the south waterfront district.Liffey near the center of the capital.
economy, infrastructure
The new millennium brought with it a significant increase in the welfare of the inhabitants of the Republic of Ireland.Dublin (photos of this beautiful city are presented in the article) in this regard is no exception.Now he takes the sixteenth place in the ranking of most expensive cities in the world.At the same time wages are also among the highest.
main industry of the city has for several centuries, is brewing.Widely known foamy drink Guinness is brewed in Dublin from 1759 year.Currently operating in the capital a lot of production associations, specializing in the production of pharmaceutical products.In addition, leading companies engaged in information technology, too, have their offices in Dublin and its suburbs.Among these giants Google, Microsoft, PayPal, Amazon, and Yahoo !.Company Hewlett Packard and Intel own large factories in the county Kidler located fifteen kilometers west of the capital.
Recently in Dublin economy further strengthens the position of banking.So, the city successfully operate offices Commerzbank and Citibank.
During the economic boom intensified construction, and today this area is considered the main source of jobs.Nevertheless, in 2007 Dubliners are faced with the problem of unemployment due to the fact that the proposal was ahead of demand in the labor market.Today, actively explore the seedy industrial areas of the city, where there are more structures of different directions.Among the plans for the near future - the construction of the metro.
In the city there are four institutions of higher education.The most famous of them - Dublin University, he is also the oldest.
sphere of culture
Dublin - the birthplace of many talented people.The whole world knows about the famous natives of the city.Among them are Samuel Beckett, George. George Bernard Shaw and William Butler Yeats, Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wilde and Bram Stoker.However, the most famous Dublin thanks to the creativity of James Joyce.He is one of the founders of modernism in literature.Portrait of the writer can be seen even on a fifty bill.Joyce's works are filled with entertaining details from the lives of his contemporaries, living in Dublin.
In the capital, opened the State Museum of Heraldry.It was founded over a hundred years ago - in 1908, and is one of the oldest museums in the world of similar subjects.No less interesting it is to visit the Irish Museum of Modern Art.
Dublin.Landmarks
St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest of such structures in Ireland.At one time it was the famous abbot, John Swift, who became famous thanks to his work called "Gulliver's Travels."
Dublin Castle is currently stationed Islands Government.It was erected on the orders of King John in order to protect from attacks of the Normans.The castle is open to tourists, if it is not held important government meetings.
«Spire of Dublin" is an architectural dominant of the city.This monument is visible from almost all points of the capital.The design of the "needle" is simple: up to 121 meters ascends gradually tapering steel spire.Dublin
Territory Botanical Garden is truly impressive: for twenty-five acres are more than twenty thousand a variety of flora from all over the world.This place is respectfully referred to as the green heart of the city of Dublin.
Attractions capital does not end there.Favorite place to walk Dubliners consistently called Garden of Remembrance.There is a memorial in memory of those who gave their lives for the welfare and independence of the island.Despite the unfortunate cause of this place full of reassuring natural splendor.
The local zoo can be admired as the common local animals and rare representatives of fauna.It is noteworthy that the staff of this institution in every way possible support the simulation of the natural habitat of their wards.
methods of movement
Metropolitan transport network presented high-speed train and bus services.The price of a ticket varies depending on the duration of the trip, ranging 1.65-4.3 euros.On sale are tickets are valid both in trains and buses.As a rule, the work of urban transport begins at six in the morning and ends at half past eleven at night.During the holidays, this period may be extended by the decision of the local administration.
Communication
communication system of the city meets the most stringent standards and criteria.In many metropolitan automatic telephone along with the coins you can pay by card.However, calls for special telephone cards cost much cheaper to buy them in large stores, in all newsagents and petrol stations.
Mobile communications across the island operates on standard GSM.With this roaming service available to most foreign visitors.The alternative - to buy an Irish SIM-card.The most popular local operators - O2 and Vodafone.
out the World Wide Web can be in any large post office or in an internet cafe.
state symbols
Flag of Ireland (photos can be seen below) is a panel consisting of three bands.They are painted in the following colors: white - in the center of the green - at the edge of a spear, orange - have the free.This color scheme represents the first peaceful relations between religions, the second - the Catholics, the third - Protestants.For the first time the flag acted as a national symbol in 1916.Then it was raised over the capital post office during the celebration of Easter.
Time in Dublin
annually produced in the country daylight saving time.Arrows thus shifted forward one hour.Thus, there is a deviation from the UTC time the sixty minutes.In 2014, the transition took place on March 30 and on October 26 Dubliners will translate arrows of his watch back an hour.
Conclusion
above has described in detail the capital of this lovely European country like Ireland.Map of the island, flag and attractions displayed in the pictures above.We hope that the virtual tour has helped you form an idea about this city.
