all know that verbs are used to indicate actions.And to express the speaker's attitude to the existing modal verbs.German in this respect no different from other European languages.Can we, want to see, or have to know how to do anything else - in such cases use a modal verb in conjunction with an infinitive.
Example:
Du sollst leben.You must live.
Ich kann Tennis spielen.I can play tennis.
Modal verbs in German
Können, möchten, dürfen, müssen, sollen, wollen - they all express the desire, the ability, or the need for an action, similar in value, but its different shades.
to better remember, modal verbs can be divided into pairs: können and dürfen (be able to), sollen and müssen (to have to), wollen and möchten (want to).
können If the verb means that someone has the ability or able to do anything, then dürfen used in the sense "to have permission»:
Ich kann schwimmen.I can not (know how) to swim.The meaning: "because I have such a skill."
Ich darf schwimmen.I can (have the opportunity) to swim.The meaning: "because I allowed".
Modal verbs and sollen müssen - both express ought.What are the connotations?
sollen If the verb used in the sense "obliged under someone's orders or regulations", the müssen less categorical form of obligation (assuming awareness of their own needs or the need for obedience to objective reasons).
Wir sollen das Auto hier lassen.We have to (obliged) to leave the car here.For example, in a situation where to go further prohibits road sign, and we have to go through the rest of the way on foot.
Ich muss das Auto hier lassen.I must (have to) leave the car here.For example, because it is in need of repair, and I understand that to continue to go on it is dangerous.
Modal verbs wollen möchten and express a desire.
But if wollen definitive form, indicating the firm intention and has already approved the decision (the fulfillment of which can not be questioned), the möchten more appropriate to express the delicate unobtrusive requests or suggestions that delight.Compare:
Ich will trinken.I'm thirsty.
Ich möchte Apfelsaft trinken.I would like to drink apple juice.
As can be seen from the examples, modal verbs require a complement in the form of the infinitive, which is used without zu.
Du darfst nicht rauchen.You're not allowed to smoke.
Hier dürfen Kinder spielen.Here, children are allowed to play.
Modal verbs vary in numbers and leave (conjugated) by adding appropriate endings and sometimes require a change of the root vowel.
example:
1l., Ed.h .: ich darf - I can, I'm allowed to.
2l., Personal singular case: du darfst - you can, you are allowed to.
3l., Personal singular case .: er, sie, es darf - he, she, it may be;him, her, it is allowed.
1l., Pl.h .: wir dürfen - we can, we are allowed to.
2l., Mn.ch: ihr dürft - you can, you are allowed.
3l., Mn.ch .: sie dürfen - they can, let them.
polite form of address: Sie dürfen - you can, you are allowed to.
modal verb gives added connotation of the main verb, clarifying it.Here is an example:
Lena fährt übers Wochenende nach Moskau.
Lena rides at the weekend in Moscow.The proposal
The used main verb «fahren» - «go».And from what has been said, we understand that Lena weekend will not be home, she goes to Moscow.
Otherwise, you can say:
Lena kann übers Wochenende nach Moskau fahren.
Lena weekend can go to Moscow.
Having used the modal verb können, we focus the reader's attention on the fact that if you want to Lena and favorable obstoyateltstvah can go to Moscow - the obvious obstacles to this action there.
see what happens with the meaning of sentences, if we add the modal verb möchten:
Lena möchte übers Wochenende nach Moskau fahren.
Lena wanted to on the weekend to go to Moscow.
becomes clear that Lena wants to go to Moscow, but to fulfill any of its desire - is not yet known.
How to change the meaning of a sentence, if we apply a modal verb sollen:
Lena soll übers Wochenende nach Moskau fahren.
reading this proposal, we do know that Lena in any event on the weekend to go to Moscow - whether she wants it or not.
If the proposal to use a modal verb dürfen, the reader will understand that Lena has received permission to travel to Moscow:
Lena darf übers Wochenende nach Moskau fahren.Lena can on the weekends to go to Moscow with spkoynoy conscience, apparently the parents or other authorities for her face given their consent for this trip.
