philosophical term "phenomenon" comes from the Greek "φαινόμενον", which means "being," "a rare fact", "unusual".If you look around, you'll see a lot of items, smell, heat or cold, to see the beauty and admire it, hear the music and come to the delight of her melodious sounds.All these objects and phenomena in philosophy is called the term.In short all of them - phenomena.This philosophical concepts that represent the phenomena that can be understood in the sense experience.All of them can be the subject of scientific observation and contemplation.
Types phenomena
Based on the foregoing, these objects and phenomena can be divided into physical and mental.According to the theory of the Austrian philosopher Franz Brentano, the first to include the sounds, smells, natural landscape, rainfall, fields, forests, mountains and valleys, trees and shrubs and the rest of the objects around us.All of them are given to us in experience, that is, we have the opportunity to see them, hear, touch and feel.But the psychic phenomena - is all of our mental activity, that is, all those ideas, which, through the imagination or feelings arise in our minds.These include acts hearing, representations, visions, feelings, fantasy and mental processes such as recollection, doubt, judgment;spiritual experiences: joy, sadness, fear, hope, despair, courage, cowardice, love, anger, hate, surprise, desire, emotion, admiration, and so on. d.
cultural phenomenon
word "culture" has a great manyvalues.It is the object of knowledge of various sciences: philosophy, sociology, aesthetics, kultorologii, ethnography, political science, psychology, pedagogy, history, art and so on.. In the broad sense of the culture - it is the whole of human activity, which can have a variety of manifestations.It includes all the ways and forms of self-discovery and self-expression, which are accumulated by society, and the individual.In a narrow sense the culture is a set of codes (codes of conduct, rules, stereotypes, customs and rituals, and so on. D.) Taken in a given society, and which govern human behavior.In a word, culture - is a material and spiritual values.On our planet, the first of them have a special meaning only for the person, because they are sanctified by custom, art, religion, in one word - culture.As for spiritual values, it is not so simple.We have already witnessed that our smaller brethren are able to show such feelings of loyalty, love, affection, joy, sadness, resentment, gratitude, and so on. D., And so on. N.
Culture and Society in
socio-cultural context, the term "phenomenon" gets the status of a category.This phenomenon, which is studied in culture.Today, it is increasingly becoming the subject of various scientific papers: dissertations, reports, dissertations and coursework.However, the poster is very difficult to give a precise definition of the phenomenon.Everyone interprets it differently.Combining these two notions as "society" and "culture" everywhere.Culture participates or is present in almost all without exception spheres of human activity.Our language is constantly included expressions such as "socio-cultural space", "cultural policy", the "culture of personality" and so on.. Many of these concepts have become so familiar to us that we do not even notice how often to use them.So how to understand the phenomenon of culture?This is primarily a special way of human life, where the objective and subjective act as a single entity.Through culture takes organization and regulation of human life, which leads to an increase in the level of its activity as a member of society.
Sotciokulturnoe in the works Petirima Sorokin and F.Tenbruka
Russian sociologist PA Sorokin also investigated this phenomenon.According to him, social and cultural phenomenon - it's all what people get from their environment thanks to the connection with the culture, which, in turn, is a carrier of "supraorganic" values.Under the latter, he understood everything that makes human consciousness, for example, it may be language, religion, philosophy, art, ethics, law, manners, habits, and so on. D., And so on. N. In other words, according to Sorokin, "Sotciokulturnyj"it is the basic category of the social world, which implies continuity of identity, culture and society.A German philosopher F. Tenbruck called this connection "seamless connectivity" of three components: the individual, the society and the system of moral and material values, that is, culture.
What can be considered as social and cultural phenomenon?
Let's list the events that fall under the definition of a social phenomenon.It is a set of concepts that affect a person living in a society of their own kind.Of course, this is not an exhaustive list, but here are some of them:
- money;
- fashion;
- poverty;
- religion (including sectarianism);
- social networks;
- news;
- rumors and gossip, and so on. D.
This list of socio-cultural phenomena.It is more extensive.These phenomena - is combined into one cultural and social phenomenon.Here they are:
- education;
- science;
- policy;
- tourism;
- spirituality;
- physicality;
- education;
- family;
- fashion;
- brand;
- religion;
- myth, the legend;
- confidence;
- happiness;
- mountain;
- legal reality;
- motherhood;
- tolerance;
- kitsch and so on. D.
This list can be continued indefinitely.
sociocultural phenomenon of
In this world nothing is permanent and does not stand still.All phenomena either improved or destroyed, moving to its final destruction.Perfection - the development of social and cultural phenomenon.It is a process aimed at positive change both material and spiritual objects with a single purpose - to get better.Of course philosophy is known that the ability to change is a universal property of both mother and consciousness.This is common to all the (natural and social cognition) principle of existence.
personality as a psychological phenomenon
being that has consciousness and self-consciousness, that is, a living person, is a person.He has a very complex structure, which is a holistic system formation, a set of actions, relationships, significant from the point of view of society, mental properties of the individual, which were formed as a result of ontogeny.They determine his actions and behavior as the behavior of the subject of communication and activity, has consciousness.Personality is capable of self-regulation, as well as a dynamic function in the society.Moreover, its properties, relations and actions harmoniously interact.Probably all familiar with this assessment of the individual as a "rod".This property is endowed with those individuals who possess a strong character.However, in the psychology of "pivotal" identity formation is explained differently - it is his self-esteem.It is built on the basis of the relationship of the individual to himself.It also affects the way a person assesses others.In the traditional sense of the individual is an individual who acts as a subject of public (social) relations and spiritual activity.This structure also includes the physical and physiological characteristics of the human body, as well as his psychological characteristics.Thus, in addition to social and socio-cultural phenomena, there is a psychological phenomenon.These are phenomena that affect the individual and her inner world is feeling, emotions, feelings and so on. D. Thus, the psychological phenomenon can be love, hatred, aggression, sympathy, manipulation, and so on. D.
Conclusion Regardless
on which category they belong phenomena - all that may be subject to monitoring with the aim of knowledge.
