called monopoly enterprises, which occupy a specific market dominant position.This allows it to benefit, preventing the market from other manufacturers, and to dictate terms to customers.
natural monopoly on the market occupies a specific position due to the peculiarities of its production.This may be a need to use very expensive equipment, sole ownership of natural resources, exceptional technology and power limits.The dominant position of the company is called, if it takes 65% of the market of goods.
As a rule, a natural monopoly - it is very large enterprise with a developed infrastructure, which is to re-create a very difficult and uneconomical.For example, railways, heat and electricity, etc.Most monopolies are just the public utilities, which are indispensable for the functioning of the economy throughout the country.For such companies characterized by a high threshold that must be overcome to enter the industry.
In Russia, we have a situation in which the existence of its market monopoly hinders the development of full competition, which leads to a reduction of export opportunities.During the period of the Soviet Union under the command system of economic management the whole economy is a fact that now defines the term "natural monopoly".Then there was no competition in principle, acted comprehensive policy planning.Gosplan, Goskomtsen and State provision set all the parameters of activity of the enterprises of the country.
natural monopoly is also regarded as a special type of structure of the market for goods, in which the barriers to entry into a variety of other subjects, so that virtually insurmountable.
distinctive feature of socialist monopoly is what they implanted the "top", while in the capitalist world, they began to emerge "from below" and accompanied by competition (they broke leader enterprises with advanced technology and strong technical base).
Heritage sotsepohi largely determined the further development of economic relations in the country.Antitrust legislation has been developed in Russia in terms of the existence of strong and dominant companies only emerging market relations.Today, it is far from perfect and needs work on the basis of generalization of legal practice.
natural monopolies in Russia have a strong position.For the implementation aimed at supporting market structures and enterprise policy was created by the State Committee for Anti-Monopoly Policy.In 1999, based on it created the MAP -The Ministry for Anti-Monopoly Policy and Support of Entrepreneurship.However, the level of competition in Russia is still not sufficient.The reason for this is that privatization has not led to the emergence of effective owners, enterprise restructuring has not been used properly, and small businesses are still not developed to a sufficient level.
natural monopoly should not become a hindrance to the development of other promising forms of management (primarily - small and medium businesses).Therefore, experts believe that Russia today is necessary to establish a more rigorous antitrust oversight of trading, auctions, tenders for supplies for the state needs;to take action against the attempts of regional authorities to prevent the movement of capital and goods throughout the country;with the help of state regulation empower competition;harmonize the legislation of the CIS countries on the issue of anti-monopoly regulation.
