the Soviet Union during the Second World put forward a program to fight against fascism.She rallied around the Soviet progressive forces around the world.However, Britain and the United States are not in a hurry to define their policies in this regard, they are in the last position on the issue of participation in the events.The governments of these countries decided to still correct the situation.
signing of the Atlantic Charter
In the first year of the war nevoevavshih heads of government of the United States and participate in hostilities of England met to discuss the objectives and the proclamation of the battle.The place of their meeting was the battleship "Prince of Wales".He brought Winston Churchill to the bay of Argento, where he also met with Roosevelt.
What is the Atlantic Charter?This document is the joint statement of the leaders of the two countries.It was announced August 14, 1941.Ten days later, August 24, he was joined by the Soviet Union.
main tasks
Atlantic Charter in 1941 was to further define the structure of the world after the Allies win the war.Discussion conducted, despite the fact that the US at that time in operations not involved.The Atlantic Charter was the basis for the creation of the United Nations, as well as the formation of an economic and political world order.
Document Structure
Atlantic Charter in 1941 included the following items:
- resolution of territorial disputes in accordance with the opinion of the people.
- Reducing trade barriers.
- No claim territorial nature from Britain and America.
- existing right to self-determination of the peoples of the world.
- freedom from fear and want.
- Global welfare and economic cooperation.
- Freedom of the Seas.
- postwar disarmament of the aggressor countries and the overall decline in military power in the world as a whole.
item relating to economic cooperation and global welfare was proposed Roosevelt and Churchill in London Uaynantom John Gilbert, who did not participate in the meeting.
adoption of the provisions of other countries
The next meeting was held in the same 1941, 24 September.The venue of the conference was to London.With the principles that reflect the Atlantic Charter, agreed by representatives of the governing apparatus of other states.In particular, the document joined by Belgium, Greece, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Yugoslavia, the USSR, the "Free French", Poland, Norway.
Basic Principles
Atlantic Charter in 1941 reflected the main policy direction of the United States and England.On the main principles of the document, how to express themselves representatives of the governments of these countries, they based their hopes for a better future for the world.Churchill and Roosevelt pointed out that their state does not have aspirations to win new territory.They also expressed their disagreement with the geographical changes, contrary to the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned.In addition, the leaders noted that they respect the right of other states to choose their own form of government.
Churchill and Roosevelt argued for equal opportunities for all States in the matter of admission to trading, as well as to raw material sources in the world.Global economic cooperation, according to government representatives, was to be aimed at ensuring that all higher living standards.
Feature document
Atlantic Charter was sufficiently democratic.Its principles are consistent with the spirit of the times, reflecting the liberating nature of the fighting.The proclamation of the document had at that time very positive.However, implementation of the principles in life depended on how the meaning of the governments of the US and Britain was given the Atlantic Charter.And the expected value had practical steps that guide the state is going to take to implement all the points.In general, the Atlantic Charter - is a compromise between the views of the ruling circles of Britain and the United States.This is most pronounced in the document was the view of America.
Estimated characteristic of the postwar period
representatives of the governments of Britain and the United States can not accept in settlement of the USSR.They believed that after the war, the Soviet Union would be considerably weakened.Having deliberated, Churchill and Roosevelt had in mind the Anglo-American world.The representative of the United States believed that the foundation of the postwar international organization can not even speak as long as forces of the United States and Britain not to do some work.
points of the Atlantic Charter, relating to freedom of the seas and equal opportunities for all people, foreshadowed the postwar spread of American imperialism over the world, including England.Churchill is said.To eliminate such assumptions he attempted to exclude these items from the agreement.However, success in this, he has not achieved.Shortly after the conference in their public statements, Churchill suggested that the Atlantic Charter does not apply to interactions within the UK.
relationship with the Soviet Union
Both sides agreed that in the interests of the US and Britain should be assisted Soviet weapons and equipment.British Chiefs of Staff, as Churchill himself had been against the use of its own large armed contingents.They believed that it is possible to confine the sea and air war, the strengthening of the blockade and covert supplies to equip the forces of resistance in occupied Europe.
Despite the fact that the American staff chiefs have tried to refrain from stating opinions regarding the strategic issues that the political line, which was launched by British officials, meet goals, uniting the US and England, the best way.The task was the conduct of hostilities against Germany primarily through the use of "foreign hands" seeking during battles mutual weakening opponents.
To implement these plans need was the maximum intensification of the fighting on the Soviet-German front, as this is the main line of concentrated German forces.Due to the fact that England and America are represented by the Soviet Union after the war and the defeat of the weakened state, they suggest the need for further financial assistance to assist the country.As a result, representatives of the US and the UK proposed that the government of the Soviet Union a trilateral meeting in Moscow.The Soviet leadership agreed.
Joining the USSR
In the Allied Conference, September 24, 1941 in London, Maisky, the Soviet ambassador unveiled the Declaration on the inclusion of the Soviet Union in the Charter.The agreement stated that the practical application of the principles of the document will inevitably take into account the circumstances, historical features, the needs of this or that state.In the Soviet Declaration clearly highlighted the issues that the drafters of the original wording spared.In particular, the Soviet government defines the objectives and the nature of war.
for all nations and peoples was given the main task - to direct all their energies and resources on early defeat of the aggressors.As for the post-war period, the Soviet leadership to defend the right of every people to the territorial integrity and national independence, openly pointing to disagreement with the colonial policy of the imperialist countries.
