Before we find out what the state in Europe have been created by the Normans, it is necessary to find out what kind of people were hiding under that name.This word is synonymous with the more widespread the concept of "Vikings".They were skilled sailors come from Scandinavia, who seek a better life leave their harsh land and went to rob the development of medieval state.
period of such invasions from the north is considered VIII-XI century.The Vikings were pagans and worshiped a pantheon of gods, which arose in the pre-Christian era.A key place in the cult takes one - the god of war.Militant lifestyle Norwegians, Danes and Swedes strike fear into the hearts of the people of Western European kingdoms, already had time to settle down and become more civilized.They were called Vikings Normans (can be translated as "northern people").The history of these tribes will help to better understand which state in Europe have been created by the Normans.History (Grade 6) examines in great detail the topic in its program.
Until the end of the IX century and looting expeditions were not systematic.Chiefs interested only in production, which received, they gave the order to return home.Over time, however, everything changed.Now hungry for adventure and glory directly sailors seized the land and settled on them.
Duchy of Normandy
Asked which countries in Europe have been created by the Normans in the first place it should be noted the Duchy of Normandy.These lands in the north of France at the mouth of the River Seine were occupied by the first invaders from the north.In 889, the leader of the Vikings settled here, known as the Pedestrian Hrolf.Hence, with his troops, he raided the kingdom of France, reaching even to the outskirts of Paris.Its origin is still debate.According to one version, he - a Dane, on the other - the Norwegian.
King of France could not on its own to drive foreigners out of their possessions, so in the year 911 Charles III the Simple offered Rollo (the so-called in the Christian chronicles Hrolf) to perform the rite of baptism and become a vassal of the Carolingian.The leader of the Vikings took the name of Robert I and laid the foundation of the Norman dynasty.Which countries in Europe have been created by the Normans?Quick answers and include this duchy.Over time, the alien Scandinavians assimilated with the locals and took their language and customs.This also applies to the strict feudal hierarchy, the basis for relations between the former elite of the time.
Conquest of England House of Normandy
list specifying which countries in Europe have been created by the Normans, England continues.Dukes, who ruled Normandy formally were vassals of the French crown, but de facto not only stayed independent, but also had a great influence on the neighboring graphs and other owners of fiefs.In the middle of XI century in England, Edward the Confessor rules, which belonged to the Anglo-Saxon House of Wessex.In Normandy, his contemporary Robert I was a descendant of William.The king and the duke were distant relatives, giving the latter a formal right to inherit the title of the first.
When Edward died in 1066, Wilhelm announced its rights to the English throne.Crossing the island, Norman army defeated the Anglo-Saxons and their challenger Harold at the Battle of Hastings.Finally, the kingdom was subordinated to 6 years.So, what state in Europe have been created by the Normans?Answer - England.These events have been key in the history of the whole of Europe.
value subordination of England
Analyzing what state in Europe have been created by the Normans, we can not make out the points of the importance of the capture of the British Isles.
Firstly, Albion finally broke ties with Scandinavia.Prior to that, the Norwegian and Danish leaders tried to subdue the island of his power.Some were successful (for example, Canute the Great), but finally gain a foothold in Britain, the Vikings did not succeed.Pagan raids in the past, not only for England but for Europe as a whole.A new era.The Scandinavian kingdom gradually converted to Christianity and entered the orbit of a common European development.
Secondly, Britain itself has changed.It was finally approved by the sole power of the king, who over the years only increased.The days when the island coexisted some Anglo-Saxon countries in the past.Only during the reign of Wilhelm I had a unified army and navy, conducted a national census, recorded in the famous "Domesday Book".Norman nobility spoke French, and moved it to the island.English language for several centuries became a sign of the common people.But, as in the case of the Vikings Hrolfa, with the change of generations, there was assimilation, which in the local language has penetrated a lot of French words.
Anglonormandskaya monarchy
Norman dynasty ruled until 1135.Wilhelm and his sons have laid the foundation of modern English state, which has become Britain.With the death of his father the throne was succeeded by his son, William II's namesake Auburn (Rufus) (1087 - 1100).His older brother Robert was Kurtgёz Normandy.By the way, he became one of the organizers of the First Crusade in the Middle East.
Relationship between relatives were marred by constant conflicts over titles.The dispute has not been resolved, when William was killed in the hunt.He had a prickly character and despised the local Anglo-Saxon aristocracy, which undermined the foundations of the state.
English throne was occupied by the younger of the brothers - Henry I (1100 - 1135).Robert kept trying to get the English crown, until he was captured at the Battle of Tanshbre in 1106.He spent 28 years in prison, and so he died in prison.Henry also received a combined heritage of Normandy and father.When it began its expansion in Wales.In addition, it depended on the French region of Brittany.
His son and heir Wilhelm died tragically in 1120 after the collapse in the "White ship" in the English Channel.This event exacerbated the dynastic problem.After Henry's death civil war broke out between his nephew Stephen and daughter Matilda.Her son, Henry II ascended the throne in 1167, after which the dynasty finally cut short, as the new king on his father belonged to the family of Plantagenet.
It was during this dynasty begins splicing Norman Anglo-Saxon elite and the population, which led to the birth of this nation in the late Middle Ages.
County Aversa
amazing story of Scandinavian mercenaries infiltrated into South Italy and to create there own kingdom, can not be disregarded when it comes to what kind of state in Europe have been created by the Normans.
their first possession of the Apennine peninsula became county Aversa in modern campaigns.It was granted Raynulfu Drengo Duke Sergius IV of Naples in 1030.Future Count among many mercenaries from northern France fought against the Byzantine Empire, the feudal lords against the Italian.
County Puglia
A related Wilhelm was the fate of the genus Gotviley (some sources - Hauteville).He also was a mercenary, and in numerous military conflicts became the Count of Apulia, expelling the Byzantines in 1042.Eventually GOTV increased their holdings, recognizing themselves vassals of the Holy Roman Empire, the pope.
So, in 1071, Robert Guiscard expelled Muslims from the island of Sicily, and then got into the possession of the same name from Pope County.All these states are created by the Normans.
Kingdom Italy
After several marriages between the families of ex-mercenaries and all relevant inheritance feuds Southern Italy in the hands of Roger II, who also belonged to the dynasty Gotviley.At Christmas 1130 antipope Anaclet II recognized him as king of Sicily.Later, this title will be recognized in Rome.Sicilian kingdom inflicted several defeats the Byzantine forces for a century and has become the dominant power in the Mediterranean.For some time, he obeyed, even lands in North Africa and Greece.
However Dynasty hails from Normandy lasted a relatively short time on the throne.In 1194 it passed to the Hohenstaufen dynasty, to which the then German emperors.In general, the Sicilian kingdom lasted until 1816, when it was abolished at the end of the Congress of Vienna after the Napoleonic Wars.Thus ends the story of any state in Europe have been created by the Normans.The answer is really surprising because few nations able to capture titles in different regions of the UK to the Mediterranean.
consequences of the Norman conquest
descendants of the Vikings influenced the whole continent for centuries.States in Europe by the Normans, not only changed the political map, but also contributed to the ethnic variable, for example, in England.
war with the East (including the Crusades) secured the Christians of the Old World.The story of what state in Europe have been created by the Normans, a summary of which is described above, shows that even a small layer of passionate people can change the fate of an entire continent.
