Each city has its own history, which is full of events and interesting facts, like human life.The ancient settlement, the more interesting it is, the more legends, tales and myths surround the days that are unknown to modern man.One of the most ancient cities of Russia is the pearl of the Golden Ring - Yaroslavl.
Basics
Modern Yaroslavl - is, above all, a center of tourism, the ancient Russian city whose history thousands of years.So far, the year of foundation of Yaroslavl is a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists.The excavations on the banks of the Volga maintained constantly, giving a new food for thought.Officially, the year of foundation of the city of Yaroslavl - 1010. It is on the basis of information in 2010 celebrated the 1000th anniversary of the city.Today it is a major trade and transport hub, due to its geographical location.The most advanced production: oil-refining industry, machine building, chemical industry.
Geographical location
place foundation of Yaroslavl - bank of the Volga, or rather the "arrow", a coastal headland.River Kotorosl formed connection p.Wex and p.The mouth, the Volga flows into the East European plain, in its central part.Volga in Yaroslavl region is rich in water resources, 240 rivers and small springs, joining together to form an extensive network that was used to deliver the various kinds of cargo.Vex Kotorosl River and were part of the Great Volga Route and associated Rostov Lake, Klyazma, Oka and Volga.This water system is called the way of "the Vikings to the Arabs", it is possible to maintain trade relations with the Arab East, Scandinavia, the Khazars.The development, the population of the Volga has played a major role in the development of relations with neighboring countries, thanks to the data assumptions made possible and necessary foundation of the city of Yaroslavl.It was the first settlement of the Slavs on the Volga.Kotorosl River was the only waterway connecting the western part of Russia with Rostov.Between Yaroslavl and Rostov waterway for centuries, before the construction of the railway, it is the main.
foundation of Yaroslavl place chosen by chance: if you study the topography of the area, you can see that the more convenient location to pick up fortifications difficult.Settlement securely locked on three sides by natural barriers.Volga and Kotorosl cut off the city from the mainland plains, Bear Ravine (formerly flowed through it one of the ducts p. Kotorosl) was impregnable to attack from a third party.Defenders remained well strengthen the only available path to the city.In fact, the "arrow" is an island amid an expanse of water.
Background of
Founded Yaroslavl is still a subject of controversy.The settlements in this place existed before.But it is a prerequisite for the emergence of a fortified point is the ever-expanding commercial relations.Using the Volga as the main waterway of the region led to the fact that a large number of merchant ships fitted out its rich product and let the river.The most convenient spots riverbanks were small settlements of robbers who plundered merchant ships.At the arrow, located between the Volga and the Kotorosl, was just such a settlement.In terms of military strategy, it is a perfect place for bandits and militia guarding the border of the principality.When you check and strengthening of the territory of the settlement was given the name of Yaroslavl.History of the base of the ancient city is connected with the Duke of Kiev Yaroslav.In the first century of its development the city was originally a fortified area, which made a safe way to Rostov.Therefore, the year of foundation of Yaroslavl as a "settlement" is still a mystery.
Background On the basis of archaeological excavations can be argued that the territory of modern Yaroslavl there was an ancient settlement dating back to the I century BC - the era of the beginning of the Iron Age.But at this place existed earlier settlements, which belongs to the III-V centuries.Foundation of the city of Yaroslavl - X-XI century, until this moment inhabited the Volga Finno-Ugric peoples.The gradual migration of Slavs in this area begins with the VIII-IX centuries.However, many archaeologists emphasize that colonization took place without violence.Slavs coexisted peacefully with the people of Meria, and for some time virtually united tribes.In the year of foundation of Yaroslavl the Volga River were quite densely populated, there are reports of several villages whose residents were engaged in fishing and crafts.
History of
around each ancient settlement there are many stories.This is due to the lack of specific information is necessary to draw the attention of the legends and chronicles, which are more like fairy tales, and contain a lot of fiction.Yaroslavl 'in this sense is not an exception, the ancient history of its origin leaves considerable room for imagination.With confidence, many archaeologists and historians can only talk about what happened the foundation of Yaroslavl Yaroslav the Wise.This is indirectly confirmed by the name of the city.Many archaeological finds relating to the time do not deny this version, but the main source of this statement is the monastery archives.Date of foundation of Yaroslavl, the place and its founder described in the extant manuscripts of Archbishop Samuel Mislavskiy Yaroslavl.The manuscript was published priest Lebedev in 1877 and repeatedly analyzed by historians.I leave it is called "The Legend of the construction of the city of Yaroslavl."The text does contain ancient tradition and written in the XII-XI centuries.According to the researcher NN Voronin, the content of "The Tale" renews several times, but the facts have come to his contemporaries in an undistorted form.There is also a number of other documents, the study of which continues to this day, for today's researchers is a very interesting question - the foundation of Yaroslavl.Versions and legends are not a great variety, all of which directly or indirectly indicate the Yaroslav the Wise as the founder of the city.Therefore, you should study his historical image in more detail.
Yaroslav the Wise
Grand Prince of Kiev was born in the year 978.The father immediately after the birth of Yaroslav gave him land in the Rostov principality.Date of foundation of the city Yaroslavl - 1010, during this period the prince rules Rostov land.About this time his life is difficult to say anything definite: the data is not saved.Significant mentioned in chronicles of Yaroslav begins with 1010, and it is associated with the creation of the walled city on the banks of the Volga.The further fate of the prince associated with Novgorod, where he stayed from 1011.After the death of his brother Vladimir Vysheslav (the father of the brothers), bypassing the eldest son Yaropolk puts in Novgorod, which at that time was a serious military and trade center.Novgorod squad inferior numbers only Kiev, Novgorod and status as a city, was significantly higher in Rostov.Jaroslav will take place the hard way to the title of Grand Prince of Kiev, which will unite the Russian lands and win the recognition of their people wise and enlightened rule.Nicknamed the "Wise" Yaroslav receive only in the XIX century, the descendants will appreciate its role in the formation of a unified and powerful Russia.His role in the formation of the city of Yaroslavl virtually indisputable, but also riddled with legends and tales.Until today reached two basic versions, which is worth looking in more detail.
legend about the foundation of Yaroslavl
Twelve years have passed since the baptism of Rus, but many villages remained pagan.On the banks of the Volga River, in the place of confluence of the river Kotorosl, it was located settlement Ugol.According to historical records, people lived there evil "pagan faith", ie. E. The Gentiles.They worship the idol of the god Veles (Volos).Near the settlement was located the sanctuary, which was burning the sacrificial fire and were wooden figures of idols.Worshiped residents Bear angle and animals, among which are a key place occupied bear.In some Volosovo logovine sacrifices to pagan gods, it is possible that the human, which is why the inhabitants of the settlement are described as evil people.The main occupations of the inhabitants Bear corner were herding, hunting and fishing, but the main income comes from looting sailing merchant ships along the Volga.According to legend, the prince, while Rostov, Yaroslav sailed along the Volga with his retinue.He saw the people of the local villages rob merchant ships and merchants came to the rescue.They thanked the prince and the locals, seeing the power of the Rostov militia, agreed to admit him.This Ugol is not fully surrendered to Yaroslav, there continued accomplishes pagan rites.Yaroslav appreciated the convenient location of the settlement in terms of the security policy of Rostov and land surrounding it, so I decided to baptize people and to build on the site of Bear angle outpost.He returned to the squad, and many church leaders, but the settlers were not going to so easily give up their gods they prayed for centuries.As soon as the prince entered the village, he and his entourage descended "ferocious beast" and a pack of dogs.As a beast appeared huge bear - the presiding deity of the villagers.Yaroslav slew bear ax and dog had not attacked anyone in his entourage.Since then, the prince ordered to cut down trees and build fortifications on the "arrow".In the future, this outpost has grown from Yaroslavl, named after its founder.
second version
Dyakovo settlement Ugol obeyed Prince Yaroslav the Rostov land, was baptized, but a pagan sacred animal (bear) began to take revenge its residents.He wandered in the surrounding villages and killed people who turned away from idolatry.Prince Yaroslav hunted near Rostov.Learning about the trouble the residents Bear angle, he rushed to the rescue.Yaroslav himself joined the battle with the beast and won it.Mound on his orders was reinforced with ramparts and moats.And in the city built the first Orthodox church - the Church of Elijah - named in honor of St. Elias on the date of commencement of the construction (August 2).At the site of the alleged grounds of Yaroslavl up to now is the stone which, according to historians, once served as part of the foundation of the church.
Yaroslavl, the foundation stone
on the Volga embankment is one of the most visited attractions in the city, which attracts not only many tourists, locals believe in the magical powers vested in this historic rarity.The foundation stone of Yaroslavl is covered by ancient legends and traditions, it is believed that it was from that point began the history of the city.Behind him came the first fortifications were built new churches and homes.Guides say that if you look closely to the long stone, the imagination draws a picture of antiquity itself: Prince Yaroslav and his warriors, craftsmen builders, craftsmen and hunters, the people who built this city.Yaroslavl residents attributed the miraculous properties of the stone.According to them, it has a special magnetism and can cure diseases.Numerous tourists throw coins in the belief that the wish will come true.And no wonder: the stone lying on the place before the city's founding, it blows from the antiquity and fairy tale.
Monuments
Founded the city of Yaroslavl - 1010, respectively, all the stages of the history of the Russian state left its mark in it.A special place among the monuments of ancient architecture of the city itself takes.It is appreciated by lovers of antiquity and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.If you study the historical center of Yaroslavl, we can conclude that it is a solid architectural monument, which has been preserved thanks to the competent adapt to modern city life.The total number of monuments of history, architecture, art, archeology, available in the city - more than 700 units.They include temples and churches, historic buildings, museums, cathedrals, parks and sculptures.Of course, a special place among them is a monument to the founder of the city of Yaroslav the Wise.The town is also immortalized all the great people who have made their contribution to its formation and development.There is a monument to Fyodor Volkov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Demidov pillar.
modern city
Currently Yaroslavl is considered the third largest city in the central part of Russia.According to recent data, its population exceeds 600,000.Parallel to the most profitable activities (tourism and trade), the city has developed industry, transport networks and housing and communal services.With wide possibilities of modern logistics (developed railway network, airways) Volga remains popular transport route, freight and passenger transport is carried out on the basis of the river port city of Yaroslavl.At the proper level is science, research results of several design institutes are implemented in industrial production.Through the development of industrial sector based new enterprises with attraction of foreign investments.Yaroslavl continues to grow and improve, not forgetting his great past and carefully store it.
