Education spelling words with unstressed vowel in the root is the most difficult issue in the course of primary school.And this, despite the fact that scientists, methodologists, teachers for decades trying to find the best solutions to problems.For children, the seemingly simple question of how to check the word "water", may be insoluble.
to achieve positive results in the formation of spelling literacy of children is necessary, first of all, a systematic approach to training.This requirement is relevant to any version of the curriculum.Specific ways of forming the same skill can be very different.
Introducing the concept of "stress"
One of the requirements of the program in the Russian language in the first class is familiar with the concept of "stress".Students learn practical ways to define it in words.In addition, children learn that accent in Russian mobile, it can account for only a vowel.
At first glance it seems simple, and the material is not very significant.But this is not so.Poor build skills Ability to define percussive sound in the word will become an obstacle in the development of spelling unstressed vowels in the root word.
Therefore, in the period after the introduction of the literacy concept of "stress" is necessary to give children daily exercise to identify the stressed vowel in words.Language material can be quite varied: a certain subject, scattered, perceived orally or in writing, is offered to all classes, groups of students or individually.
In order propaedeutics course of the Russian language has on this interval development themes can offer a chain of single-root words.For example, take the word "water".The teacher said he would call his "family," and children should determine the location of the stressed syllable (sound, letter).Some words can be as follows: "Water, water that Vodicka, conductor, water carrier, a whirlpool, a pond," and so on. D. Do not forget to pay attention to the lexical meaning of words.
Mobility stress
With further work, considering, for example, words with the root -vod-, -sad-, -les- need to fulfill not only the skills to identify the stressed syllable, but also give the opportunity to observe the phenomenon of the mobility of stress.It may be the first, or the last syllable to be in the middle of the word.
Teacher job offers in which you want to pick up the root word for "water" (the concept of the teacher operates without requiring this of children).During the discussion on the board there is, for example, such a record: "Water, water tower, diver, water, watery."
continuing to observe and compare, children notice that the accent moves from one syllable to another, but unstressed vowels in the word are unchanged.And one more observation, which will lead to an important conclusion, it is necessary to spend with their children.Students should note that the pronunciation of the word does not coincide with his writing.This "discovery" usually affects young experts of the Russian language.
unstressed vowels
next important stage in the work on orthograms is to develop students' ability to see the unstressed vowel.Before exploring the morphemic composition of words children should highlight the impact and all unstressed vowels, regardless of the words.
again give students a task to choose the root word to the word "water".The resulting chain of "water, pond skater, watering, dry" - students graphically represent stressed and unstressed vowels.At the initial stage it is possible to give a couple of words with different form of "water - water", "winter - the winter", "forest - forests" and others.
It is important now is to give an opportunity to understand the children that inattention to unstressed vowels maycreate confusion in the letters to spell a word, which leads to a serious error.
to check and verification word
In the second year of language learning children are ready to accept the theme "cognates".For these are not new jobs of this type, how to choose the root word to the word "water", "earth", "flowers", "fox".They have information that there are groups among the words "family" and their characteristics are well-known to children.
The concept of "root" and its graphic symbol.Children again and again convinced of the uniform spelling of the root in related words, regardless of the position of the stress.
By observing, comparing the students come to the conclusion that any group of related words can be divided into two parts: one to put screening, and the other - to check words.After this "discovery" of the teacher's question about what the word verification to the word "water" you can pick up will not cause children surprise or misunderstanding.
vowel sounds and letters
to the child formed steady literacy skills of writing unstressed vowel in the root, and he could pick up the check word to the word "water" or any other, where there is said orthograms, the teacher need to regularly pay attention to students the inadmissibility of mixingletters.Various letters in the Russian language can be used to refer to the same sound.
be very useful exercises where you need to replace the words of one letter, and then observe what happened with the word.The material chosen for the job in accordance with the level of development of children ("house - smoke", "sang - saw", "wood - the fox," and so on. D.).Working on individual words or groups of related words should always offer jobs where you need to choose the desired letter designating the unstressed vowel.
How to check the word.Memo
The final stage of work on the topic in the classroom will be a reminder that at any time will tell, for example, check out the word "water" and write it without error.Instruction should be "live", demanded the children.
If the teacher sees that the students do not use the algorithm works on orthograms, it may mean that the memo difficult to understand or she was offered to children in finished form.Driving composed disciples alone, is always a concern, because children understand the importance of each element.
duration of use of the scheme, reveals the secrets of writing unstressed vowel in the root of the word, depending on the level of the class students.For some, the need for its application will disappear after a few lessons, and other children can enjoy it for years.The teacher should encourage those who through memo rid of spelling errors in independent work and dictations.
Training exercises
Given the complexity of the theme, the teacher must remember that without training, the constant repetition of basic concepts is impossible to form spelling skills unstressed vowels.
In this regard, the Russian language lessons need to use several types of exercises:
- Train directed by stress.It will help auditory exercises on cheating, creative nature.
- exercises on the skills allocation unstressed vowels in the root.We offer a job, for example, such a character, "Write down the related words, put an accent mark, underline unstressed vowel, pick up the check word to the word 'water'."
- Targets at forming skills to select the word verification from the group of single-root.For example, the teacher asks to prove that the words are presented the same root: "seaweed, water, underwater, flood" - and to pick up the check word to the word "water".
- exercises aimed at developing the ability to independently find the word verification.Children should write off the text, find words with unstressed vowels that require verification.Using your vocabulary, choose the verification word to the word "water" or other, ask the teacher.
Some errors
Uniform requirements for work on the bugs in the primary grades there.Among the teachers conducted a lot of debate about the forms of it, but the benefits of such work in improving children's literacy has long been proved and is not discussed.
The teacher must remember that most of the work on the bugs have to perform for children with learning difficulties.This places additional responsibility on the teachers in the selection of tasks, using visual aids, special teaching methods.
Systematic work on the bugs helps to develop students' spelling vigilance, and this leads to an increase in literacy.
practice of teaching in the primary grades helps ensure the effectiveness of a variety of forms, methods used by the teacher to achieve the goals of education.Types of practice students also have great importance in the process of learning the secrets of language.
