known that for every material object has changed its traffic to it from the outside must be accompanied by the force vector.In daily life, each of us is faced with a huge number of different forces: for example, due to the forces of friction and gravity, we can move on the surface of the planet, and so on. As has been proven, despite the apparent diversity, the basis of all of these forces are interatomic phenomena.
interactions
raise our hands and clap your hands.What happens in this case?It is obvious: there is the sound of cotton.But this is only partly true, because such an explanation does not account for the atomic structure of matter and processes in the microcosm.Indeed, it is possible to describe the force of impact and see the effects in the form of reddening of palms, but it is obvious manifestations of the macrocosm we are used to.In fact, the direct contact of surface of the palm does not happen.Since like charges repel each other, that are around the atomic nuclei of the electron shells just pushed each other.This is one example of interaction, which is based on electromagnetic forces.
But the gravitational interaction between the registered objects with a large mass (planets and so forth.), Generates the force of gravity.It is now believed that the energy transfer is then carried by gravitons.
Perhaps one of the most interesting is the strong interaction.The name itself indicates the tremendous energy involved in the process.Sometimes you can find the term "quantum chromodynamics" - is the second name for the theory in which the interaction is considered strong.
new force
According to a simplified model of the atom in its center is a massive nucleus around which revolve in their orbits electrons.Typically, high-school physics explains it this way, with the help of the planetary model.The core includes the neutrons and protons, the mass of each particle in a thousand times higher than the "weight" of the electron.With the known values of the charges and the masses was an attempt to explain the existence of atomic nuclei (neutron - no charge, proton - positive) by means of electromagnetic and gravitational forces, but it was impossible.It was obvious that there is some force.Subsequently, it was discovered the strong interaction as one of its manifestations.
Probably, we should specify what is meant by "nucleon".Since the nucleus of an atom consists of two kinds of particles, which provides a link between the strong interaction, it was decided as protons and neutrons are called equally - nucleons.The obvious at first glance, the difference of neutrons and protons - in electric charge, no longer indicated, giving way to the definition of "various states of the nucleon."
As the description of the electrical charge they are divided into strong and weak, just as happens in the modes of interaction.The impact of such charges reflected not only in the macro but also in the microcosm, between the particles themselves.For example, the strong interaction, which means that a strong charge inherent in nucleons.But for the electron, by analogy, characterized by a weak charge and the weak interaction.It manifests itself among all the particles, although not as obvious as other types of interactions.
four bases
Currently all known manifestations of the material world can be explained by the four types of interactions - electromagnetic, weak, strong and gravitational.Some of them are quite good, and others - only proves practical experiments and observations.It is possible that soon will open something completely new, so "put an end" in the search for interactions yet.
