national income - is the new value of the gross national product created in real terms in the sphere of material production for the year.This counts the number of produced goods in the country, and after an assessment of the amount are deducted the costs that domestic enterprises have carried out during the reporting period.In-kind national income includes all mass produced for the year of capital goods and consumer goods.This indicator is a measure of economic growth in the country, and it is used in the calculation of the government budget for next year, as well as intelligence and the development of new strategies.
history
national income as a special term was first introduced by Karl Marx as to his Western economic thought did not consider the criteria of social reproduction.Earlier, a similar problem involved Physiocrats, which include René, but the construction of "Economic Table", they considered only agriculture, so the analysis of the number of products remained inaccurate.
David Ricardo and Adam Smith did not consider the cost of the means of production, so their work is assessed only the amount of income received by the owners of enterprises, excluding the costs incurred by them.In the twentieth century bourgeois economists in the composition of this figure includes not only the profits derived from the production sector, but also the work of other sectors - educational institutions, public administration and defense, health care, so the indicator of economic development is artificially increased by 20-30%.
In socialist countries, for the first time introduces the concept of "national treasure", which includes not only the growth of the productive forces, but also natural resources, as well as other material and spiritual values.This macroeconomic indicator in monetary terms represents the value of all the assets at market price, which is owned by the state and its residents.
in Russia
in Russia, unlike Western countries, the national income is still only covers the cost of material production, so this figure does not take into account the macro-economic benefits derived from other industries.Thus, in its composition does not include research and development, income derived from stock exchange transactions and the profits of private medical institutions.
approaches
Modern economists in the calculation of this indicator is used several different approaches.The first one is based on the total income derived from economic activities, and takes into account the wages of citizens and residents to obtain rent and dividends.However, this amount is then allocated to the implementation of payments to households, business owners and fiscal authorities.The second approach is based on the calculation of production, taking into consideration the added value of the aggregate of all goods produced by sectors of the economy.
structure
Net national income is currently calculated according to a special formula.Please take into account the primary amount derived by a resident of the State during the period, and then taken away from them the value of assets transferred abroad in cash or in kind.From the resulting figure economists can only deduct the costs for depreciation of equipment manufacturers.The overall structure includes gross and net production, as well as the wages of citizens as the most important component of the national income.
