Buildings and sculptures, poems and thoughts of great philosophers - all part of the "Greek miracle," as scientists call it today.
If you are interested in the culture of ancient Greece, briefly acquainted with it you will be able to in this article.So, what delights even the most inexperienced person in the art of the past four thousand years?Let's look in more detail.
General
Antique period, which is characterized by the rise and flourishing of Greece (as the ancient Greeks called their country), for the majority of art is the most interesting.And no wonder!After all this time was the emergence and establishment of the principles and forms of almost all genres of contemporary art.
Total scientists share the history of this country into five periods.Let's look at the typology and talk about the formation of certain kinds of art.
Aegean era
This period is most clearly represented by two monuments - and the Mycenaean palace of Knossos.The latter is more known today as the Labyrinth of the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur.After the archaeological excavations, scientists have confirmed the veracity of this legend.It preserved only the first floor, but there are more than three hundred rooms!
addition palaces Mycenaean period is known masks Achaean chiefs and Cretan small form sculptures.Statuettes found in the recesses of the palace, are striking in their filigree.Women with snakes look very realistic and elegant.
Thus, the culture of ancient Greece, a summary of which is presented in this article originated from a symbiosis of the ancient civilization of the island of Crete and came to the Achaean and Dorian tribes who settled in the Balkan Peninsula.
period Homer
This epoch is very different in material terms from the previous one.From the XI to the IX century BC, there have been many important events.
First of all previous civilizations perished.Scientists believe that as a result of a volcanic eruption.Coming from the state there was a return to the communal device.In fact, there was a formation of society again.
important point is that, given the decline of the spiritual culture of the material is fully preserved, and continued to develop.We can see this on the example of the works of Homer, which reflects precisely this pivotal era.
Trojan War is the end of the Minoan period, and the writer lived at the beginning of the archaic era.That is, the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" - the only evidence of this period, because apart from them, and archaeological finds of it is not known today.
archaic culture
At this time, there is rapid growth and the formation of policies.Starts to mint coins, is the formation of the alphabet and letter formation.
appear in archaic era Olympic Games, formed the cult of healthy and athletic body.
During this period emerging culture of ancient Greece.A brief report on the development of its genres you can read on.
Classic period
All that fascinates us today the culture of Ancient Greece (there is a summary of the article), it is happening in this era.
philosophy and science, art and sculpture, oratory and poetry - all these genres has had its ups and unique development.The apogee of the creative expression of Athens became an architectural ensemble, which still amazes audiences with its harmony and elegance of form.
Hellenism
last period of Greek culture is interesting precisely because of its ambiguity.
On the one hand, there is the union of Greek and Oriental traditions as a result of the conquests of Alexander the Great.On the other - Rome captures Greece, but the latter submits its own culture.
Architecture
Parthenon, probably one of the most famous monuments of the ancient world.A Doric and Ionic elements, such as columns, are inherent in some of the later architectural styles.
Basically the development of this art form, we can trace the churches.It is in this kind of buildings has invested most effort, money and skills.Even palaces valued less than a place for sacrifices to the gods.
beauty of ancient Greek temples is that it was not terrible and mysterious temples of cruel gods.According to the internal device, they look like ordinary houses, only equipped with elegant and furnishes richer.But how differently, if the gods were depicted similar to humans, with the same problems, quarrels and joys?
Later the three orders of columns formed the basis for most styles of European architecture.With their help the culture of ancient Greece brief but very capacious and durable entered into the life of modern man.
vase painting works of art form the most numerous and investigated to date.In school, children learn information about what constitutes the culture of Ancient Greece (briefly).Grade 5, for example, - the period of dating with myths and legends.
A first monuments of this civilization that pupils see - a black lacquered ceramics - very beautiful and stylish tableware, copies of which were souvenirs, jewelry and collectibles in all subsequent periods.
painting of vessels passed through several stages of development.Initially, these were simple geometric patterns, known since the time of the Minoan culture.Then they added a spiral, meander and other details.
in the making vase painting acquires features of painting.On vessels appear scenes from mythology and everyday life of the ancient Greeks, human figures, pictures of animals and everyday scenes.
It is noteworthy that the artist managed to convey not only the movement in his paintings, but also to give the personal traits of the characters.Thanks to its easily recognizable attributes some gods and heroes.
Mythology
peoples of the ancient world perceive their environment a little differently than we are used to understand it.Deities were the main force, who was responsible for what is happening in the person's life.
in school often asked to do on the topic "Culture of Ancient Greece" short message, short, interesting, and describe in detail the heritage of this amazing civilization.In this case, the story is best to start with mythology.
Greek pantheon included a lot of gods, demigods and heroes, but the main were twelve Olympians.The names of some of them were already known during the Mycenaean civilization.They are mentioned on clay tablets with Linear.It is noteworthy that at this stage they were male and female counterparts of the same character.For example, he was Zeus, and Zeus-one.
Today we know about the gods of ancient Greece because of the monuments of the fine arts and literature, which remained for centuries.Sculptures, murals, statues, plays, and short stories - all this also reflected Hellenistic world.
Such views have survived their time.Art culture of ancient Greece, in short, had a paramount influence on the development of many European schools of various kinds of arts.Artists of the Renaissance revived and developed the idea of style, harmony and form, known in classical Greece.
Literature
Many centuries separate our society from the society of ancient Greece, besides actually reached us only crumbs of what was written."Iliad" and "Odyssey" probably - the most popular, thanks to which it is known culture of ancient Greece.Summary (about Odysseus and his adventures), can be read in any anthology, and the exploits of a wise man is impressive society still.
Without his advice would not have been a victory of the Achaeans in the Trojan War.In principle, the two poems form an image of the ruler of the island of Ithaca in the ideal world.Critics perceive it as a collective character, instead of a lot of positive features.
Creativity Homer refers to the eighth century BC.Later authors such as Euripides, made in his works a completely new jet.If it was up to them the basic relationship of heroes and gods, as well as the tricks of gods and their interference in the lives of ordinary people, but now things are changing.Tragedy new generation reflect the inner world of man.
culture of ancient Greece, in short, in the classical period is trying to penetrate deeper and answer most of the eternal questions.This "research" involved such areas as literature, philosophy, fine arts.Orators and poets, thinkers and artists - all trying to understand the diversity of the world and to supply the wisdom of generations.
Art
classification is based on the elements of art painted vases.Greek (Achaean-Minoan) period of the previous Mycenaean when an advanced civilization existed on the islands, not on the Balkan Peninsula.
own culture of ancient Greece, a brief description of which we present in this article, is formed at the end of the second millennium BC.The most ancient monuments are temples (such as the Temple of Apollo on the island of Thera) and painting vessels.For the latter characteristic pattern in the form of simple geometric shapes.The main instruments of the artists of the era were rulers and compasses.
In the Archaic period, which began about the seventh century BC, the art becomes more advanced and daring.Appears Corinthian black lacquered ceramics, poses borrowed from Egypt the people depicted on the vessels and bas-reliefs.There are so-called archaic smile at the sculptures, which are becoming more natural.
In the classical period is a "lite" architecture.The Doric style is replaced by Ionic and Corinthian.Instead of beginning to use limestone marble sculptures and buildings and become crisper.Completes this civilizational phenomenon Hellenism, the heyday of the empire of Alexander the Great.
Today, in many institutions to study the culture of ancient Greece - briefly for children, adolescents more fully and deeply for researchers.But even with good intentions, we do not fully embrace the material left to us by representatives of the solar people.
philosophy
Even the origin of the term - Greek.Hellenic has a strong love of wisdom.No wonder all over the ancient world, they were considered the most highly educated people.
Today, we do not remember any of the scholars of Mesopotamia or Egypt, a unit of Roman scholars know, but the names of the Greek thinkers on everyone's lips.Democritus and Protagoras, Thales and Pythagoras, Socrates and Plato, Epicurus and Heraclitus - they have made a huge contribution to world culture, enriched by the results of his experiments civilization so that we still use their achievements.
Pythagoreans, such as numbers absolutised role in our world.They believed that they can be used not only to describe all, but even predict the future.Sophists generally paid attention to the inner world of man.Welcome defined them as something that is pleasant and evil - as a thing or event that causes suffering.
Democritus and Epicurus developed the doctrine of atomism, that is what the world is made up of miniscule elementary particles whose existence is proved only after the invention of the microscope.
Socrates turned his attention thinkers from cosmology to the study of man, and Plato idealized world of ideas, considering it the only real.
Thus, we see that the characteristics of the culture of ancient Greece, in short, reflected through the prism of modern philosophical outlook on life.
Theatre
Those who have been in Greece for a long time remember the amazing feeling that a person experiences while at the amphitheater.His magical acoustics, which even today seems a miracle, wins hearts for thousands of years.This structure, in which more than a dozen series, the scene is located in the open air, and the audience sitting at the farthest place, able to hear how the coin falls on the stage.Is not it an engineering marvel?
content of the play was no less interesting.Now known in Italian commedia dell'arte originated because of the classical Greek theater.Mechanisms for moving scenery using blocks and goods, called "deus ex machina", they shocked the audience with their inexplicable.
Thus, we see that the culture of ancient Greece, briefly described above, formed the foundations of modern art, philosophy, science, and social institutions.If it were not for the ancient Greeks, it is unknown what would have been a modern lifestyle.
