term "dislocation" is used in various fields.It can be found in science, military affairs, law.For example, in the distribution of magistrates talk about their deployment.This concept came from the Latin words and translates as "dislocation", "move", "shift", "place", "place".
Chemistry
Consider the example of the concept of the crystals.These structures may have some defects.They are similar to the line, and atomic particles themselves are not properly set.That such a change is called dislocations in the crystal.They are structurally sensitive, changing some of their properties.Dislocations - a violation of both outside and inside.The crystal itself loses its mechanical properties, becomes less flexible and durable.
Classification
dislocation happens edge and screw.If the crystal is perfect, then the entire length of the atomic planes are arranged in parallel.But when they are broken inside the structure, this leads to the edge dislocation.This means that the extra half-plane is formed.She referred to the axis of strain.If you use a microscope, you can watch the picture detail and see how specifically arranged atomic rows.If the crystal itself an incision along the plane into four parts, then move the lowermost layer relative to the top 1 interatomic distance in the perpendicular direction, and after all this again to seal all of the atoms at the edges opposite to each other, it is such a picture would be perfect to illustrate the edge dislocation.The second incision - a shift direction, which is called the Burgers vector.Through him, the line itself, and the defect will pass the slip plane of the dislocation.Thus was formed this extra plane.The crystal itself has lost its appearance and does not look as it should.Dislocations - is a kind of voltage.They occur within the structure.In front of the shift all of the crystal stretched between them, strong elastic.But then this condition is weakened.Begin with changes in the source, which leads to a dislocation.Shift vector that are in tension due to polarized light can both attract and repel.If these vectors are the same, the shift is observed in the crystal, namely, the structure is stretched in one direction and the other slides.At the time of deployment approach this offset is compensated.
Moving
crystal can be deformed, but this is not just.At this point, just inside the moving dislocation.This phenomenon is known as a slip.When this process occurs, the crystal is deformed by a distance equal to the second notch.But in this case, strain is not observed between all atoms, but merely between those at the axis.This means that the intervention of external factors is not required.Everything takes place at relatively low voltages, especially when compared with processes in the ideal crystal are changed without dislocation.It is possible to observe the example of filamentous structures.
General properties
Both dislocations can glide perpendicular to the surface, resulting in a climb of.This phenomenon is due to the fact that there is a diffusion of atoms, but when the temperature decreases, slows down and interpenetration.If there is a heavy load, it is as if all the atoms are opposed to this, and they creep in the right position.In this case, slipping occurs.And the processes are intended to reduce stress.Itself is directly proportional to the rate of deformation of dislocation.And in general, if the changes are possible without shifting, it is only when carried diffusion.
Mobility
Many factors interfere with the free sliding.These include, in particular, include compounds atomic strength, poor electron conductivity, such as metals, elasticity, interaction with other dislocations, etc... In other words, the smaller of these obstacles, the faster becomes offset.And as soon as the voltage increases and the slip increases.In general, mathematics proved that dislocation - a topological defects.They formed stable crystals.And if you encounter two shifts, they will kill each other and disappear.Single same dislocation disappears except when released over the edge of the structure.Next, consider the scope of the other concepts.
Armed Forces
At first glance, strange combination of words, but in fact it's pretty simple.The deployment of troops - it's just a balance of armed forces, troops, units, ships, naval bases.It can occur in the country to which they belong, and beyond its borders.Location dislocation - a site deployment of troops before an important battle.Team composition thus clarifies where someone send, where to move for military action.Any changes in the placement require strict permission.Only companies, battalions and batteries can be moved at will regiments, commanders in which they are located, and the head of the Division may dispose of the battalion, but out of the specified area is prohibited.There are special cards dislocation.These include placing symbols forces.
Ships
But the maps that indicated by the deployment of vessels carry information function.In other words, you can not use them to determine the correct course in maritime navigation.For mapping uses a special identification system.In preparing the plan shows where and where there is a movement of ships.
train / railway
on the territory of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Baltic States and the CIS countries is carried out regular deployment of wagons.And once or twice a day is produced informing about placing formulations.These processes take place directly on the schedule.To carry out monitoring of the movement and the distribution can be manually.There is also an automatic way.They suggest specific options.One is called "Request to the station."
scheme of dislocation of traffic signs
whole system should include placing a number of factors.So, having a plan is considered a must for road vehicles, graphs curves and longitudinal slopes.In addition, the markings shall be on the roads, the layout of the signs and restrictions, navigation and position of traffic lights, crossings (both ground and underground).Mandatory marking light, public transport.There are many applications that can help you determine the disposition of road signs at a particular place of their location.They resemble a map or navigation.
Other cases
In nature, there is even a dislocation of the brain.This phenomenon occurs when displaced one relative to the other structure.This process leads to various diseases, particularly for circulation disorders and t. D. Since the brain does not completely fill the skull, when exposed to certain factors, it can be displaced, thereby deform.Subsequently, in the absence of timely treatment body ceases to function properly.
Conclusion
So dislocation - a multifaceted concept.It is used in many areas.This may apply to crystals, to traffic, to the military equipment and even the brain.In each field, the term takes on additional meaning, narrower meaning according to the treated area.
