in the development of science and has played a leading role so far played by classical mechanics, or Newtonian mechanics.In the framework of the explanation fits a variety of physical phenomena and processes taking place in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments.Many methods of research was formed on its basis.The essence of the mechanistic world view that prevailed in science almost to the beginning of the twentieth century comes to an explanation of the physical processes of motion and interaction of bodies and particles.That is, the mechanics - the science of the motion of bodies.
concept of Newton, Einstein briefly expressed, said: physical reality is determined by factors of time, space, and power of a material point, ie. E. The interaction of material points.The main task of mechanics, thus reduced to the study of physical events, which refers to the movement and interaction of material points in space, what is happening on the immutable laws.
In the modern interpretation of the scope of classical mechanics - the interaction of bodies with relatively slow movement (many times less than the speed of light).The "classical" concepts of space, time, force, mass, and so on. N. Remained unchanged, the basic laws of mechanics are valid and will not be denied, as there is a science.
Let us recall the basic concepts of mechanics.This mechanical movement - the so-called change of position of the body in relation to other bodies in space and in time (an example is the traffic, clockwise, the celestial body, the molecules), the relative movement - the body moves relative to the one body and can be fixed relative to the other.Example - the driver of the vehicle is moving relative to pedestrians and stationary relative to the machine frame.Therefore, there is the concept of the reference body - the so-called body, on which there is a movement.
coordinate system determines the location of the body or a point in space.The movement can take place in a straight line, in a plane or in space.Accordingly, change one, two or three of its coordinates.The main task of the mechanics is reduced to determining the coordinates of the body in a certain (any) time.At the same time under the mean coordinate the distance from the reference point of the corresponding axis.Also, please note that the movement takes place in a certain time interval, t. E time is also one of the initial values.
Thus, the system of reference in which solves the main problem of mechanics, constitute the system of coordinates and the clock.Any movement is not in itself, but relative to the selected contact frame.Knowing how the coordinates of the body in time, we can find out the position of the body (point) at any time you want us to.
main mechanical problem is thus reduced to the determination of the position of the body (its coordinates) at any point in time we desired.
Each body has its specific dimensions.When the forward movement of all its points move along the same trajectory, and there is no need to describe the motion of all the points.How do we determine its coordinates?Under certain circumstances (if the dimensions of the body many times less than the distance traveled by them), its size can be neglected and regarded as the body of a material point.For example, the motion of the Earth in its orbit our planet can be taken as a material point.In the study of the processes occurring on the Earth's surface, it can not be considered such.E. In the mechanics of a material point is meant the body, the size that can be ignored.
Way - is the distance traveled by a point along the path.Moving - vector (directed segment) connecting the two body positions, the start and end.
In addition, the movement is not always progressive.If parts of the body move along different trajectories, such movement can be considered as a rotation about a particular axis.Any movement in mechanics is a combination of translational and rotational motions.
