Each decade of the XX century in the eyes of the ordinary citizen is painted some of his color, a variety of iridescent colors.Twenty or thirty for someone - five-year time, enthusiasm and intercontinental air travel, for others it is overshadowed by the massive repression.Forties rhyme with "rock", they are painted white and gray bandage field hospitals, black smoke and orange flames burning cities.Fifties - virgin and dudes.Sixties - quiet, but not a rich life.Seventies - grated brick flared jeans, hippies and the sexual revolution.The Eighties - sneakers shtany- "bananas" and "Felicita".Then came the dreadful life in Russia.In the 90s it was not easy to survive.That's on them and stopped.
Illusions
Decade made counting the first year.For example, the 1970 th dates back to the sixties.Therefore, the first in this terribly-exciting era of the collapse is the year (or collapse) of the Soviet Union.After what happened in August 1991, about glavenstvuyusche-leading role of the Communist Party and the speech could not go.It was impossible to slip smoothly to the market, which is characteristic for many of the world economy after the collapse of the socialist system (such as China).But it almost no one wanted.People demanded change - and immediate.Life in Russia in 90 years began with the illusion that it is necessary to make a small step, and the country will begin to live as the same elegant, as well as a thriving West, which became the model for the majority of the population in all.Few imagined the depth of the abyss which lies ahead.It seemed that America stop "fooling around", help advice and money, and the Russians will join the number of "civilized nations", riding in expensive cars, living in cottages, prestigious wearing clothes and traveling around the world.As it happens, but not all.
Shock
Instant transition to the market has caused shock (Eng. The Shock).This psychological phenomenon was called "shock therapy", but the healing process had nothing to do.Freed prices in 90 years began to grow several times faster than the incomes of the majority of the population.Deposits Savings Bank lost its value about them often say they are "missing", but the laws of conservation of matter and act in the economy.Nothing disappears, including money that is simply changed their owners.But the passbook is not limited to: the summer of 1992 with the privatization of all public property.Legally, the process has been designed as a giveaway ten-checks, for which technically could buy shares of companies.In fact, this method suffers from significant defect.So-called "vouchers" massively bought up by those who had the money for it, and the possibility, and soon factories, collective farms and other entities of the Soviet economic passed into private hands.The workers and peasants again got nothing.It did not surprise anyone.
Political changes
In 1991, the American correspondents in the office of the former President of the Soviet Union (at that time timidly remove) expressed joy over the victory over the "evil empire" loud cries "Wow!" And similar exclamations.They had reason to believe that the world's only counterbalance to US domination planetary successfully eliminated.They believed that after the Soviet Union and Russia will soon disappear from the map, it splits into manageable pieces outside populated demoralized rabble.Although the majority of the subjects of the RSFSR (except Chechnya and Tatarstan) have expressed a desire to remain in the common state, destructive trends have been observed quite clearly.The internal policy of Russia in the 90s was formulated by President Yeltsin, the former urged the autonomy to take as much sovereignty as they want.
Gloomy realities were able to draw in the most ardent supporter of the separatist unity.The shooting of guns tanks tower building of the Supreme Council (October 1993), numerous victims, arrest the delegates and other circumstances that contribute to the flourishing of democracy, it has not caused any objections on the part of foreign partners.After this law was framed the Constitution of the Russian Federation as a whole with an acceptable text, but placing international law above national interests.Oh, and the Parliament is now composed of two chambers, the Federation Council and the State Duma.It is quite another matter.
Culture
Nothing characterizes the atmosphere of the era, as the spiritual life of Russia.In the 90 years of government funding for cultural programs it has been curtailed, instead of him widespread sponsorship.The notorious "crimson jackets" in the pauses between the shooting and the undermining of their own kind allocate funds to projects that match their tastes, which certainly affected the quality of film, music, literature, theater, and even painting.It began outflow of talented workers abroad in search of a better life.However, freedom of expression had a positive side.The masses have realized the healing role of religion in general and Orthodoxy in particular, the construction of new churches.Some artists (N. Mikhalkov, Vladimir Todorovski, N. Tsiskaridze, Safronov, Shilov) contrived in this difficult time to create true masterpieces.
Chechnya
Development of Russia in the 90s was complicated by massive internal armed conflict.In 1992, the Republic of Tatarstan did not want to recognize themselves as part of the overall federal country, but managed to keep this conflict in a peaceful framework.Otherwise it happened with Chechnya.Trying to solve the problem by force turned into a tragedy on a national scale, accompanied by acts of terrorism, hostage-taking and fighting.In fact, the first phase of the war, Russia was defeated, documented finding him in 1996 the conclusion of the Khasavyurt agreements.This forced move gave only a temporary reprieve, in general, the situation threatened to go into an uncontrolled phase.Only in the next decade, during the second phase of the military operation and after the cunning political combinations managed to eliminate the danger of the collapse of the country.
Party Life
After the abolition of the monopoly of the Communist Party was time to "pluralism".Russia in the 90s of the 20th century became a multi-party country.The most popular non-governmental organizations that have emerged in the country, said the LDPR (Liberal Democrats), the Communist Party (the Communists), "Yabloko" (advocated private property, market economy and all sorts of Democracy), "Our Home - Russia" (Chernomyrdin folded "house"palms, embodies the true financial elite).Another was the "Democratic Choice" Gaidar's "just cause" (as the name implies - the opposite of left) and dozens of parties.They were united, divided, conflicted and argued, but, in general, looks little different from one another, although the diversity of political life in Russia in the 90s.All promised that soon will be fine.The people did not believe.
Elections 96
policy challenge is to create the illusion that it is different from the real statesman, but at the same time, similar to the film director.Operation of the visible image is a favorite technique of those who seek to master souls, emotions and votes.The Communist Party skillfully exploited the nostalgic mood, idealized Soviet life.In Russia in the 90s quite broad layers of the population to remember the best of times, when there was war, there was so pressing question of getting sustenance as such there were no unemployed and so on. N. Communist Party leader Gennady Zyuganov, who had promised to return all this,I had all the chances to become the president of Russia.Oddly enough, this did not happen.Obviously, people still knew that a return to the socialist system still will not.Point of no return is passed.But the elections were dramatic.
end of the nineties
Relive the nineties in Russia and other post-Soviet countries was not easy and it's not all succeeded.But sooner or later, ends.It came to an end and the Yeltsin era, and it is good that the change of course took place without bloodshed, without being accompanied by one of the terrible strife that are so abundant in our history.After a long stagnation began to revive, yet timidly and slowly, the economy, culture and spiritual life.Russia in 90 years got very painful and dangerous for the whole state organism the vaccine, but the country withstood it, though not without complications.God willing, will go a lesson for the future.
