Adipic acid (there is another name for this substance - 1,4-acid butandikarbonovaya systematic name - geksandiovaya acid) - is limiting dicarboxylic acid.It has the following chemical formula: HOOC (CH2) and gross 4SOON formula C6O4H10.It has the same chemical properties as the carboxylic acid.Salt forms, many of which are soluble in water (H2O).Esterifying a di- and monoesters.Geksandiovaya glycol acid forms polyesters.
Properties adipic acid
1. The molar mass is 146.1 g / mol.
2. The density is 1.36 grams / mole.
3. limited solubility in ethanol, acetone and diethyl ether.
4. Solubility in water (H2O) is as follows: at 15 degrees - 1.44 g per 100 g of water;40 degrees - 5.12 g;at 70 degrees - 34.1 g
Thermal properties geksadiovoy acid
1. The melting point is 153 ° C.
2. Decomposition temperature is 210 - 240 ° C.
3. Boiling point (at 100 mm Hg) is 265 ° C.
4. decarboxylation temperature is 300-320 ° C.
5. The enthalpy of combustion is -2800 kJ / mol.
6. The melting enthalpy of 16.7 kJ / mol.
7. The enthalpy of vaporization is 18.7 kJ / mol.
How to get adipic acid?
In the industry, this material is obtained mainly through a two-step oxidation of cyclohexane.First, a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which is then separated by distillation.Subsequently cyclohexanone is used to produce caprolactam, and cyclohexanol are oxidized 40-60% strength HNO3 (nitric acid).With this method, yield of adipic acid is about ninety-five percent.
One of the promising methods of producing adipic acid is hydrocarbonylation butadiene.
What other ways performed to obtain carboxylic acids, such as adipic?It can be obtained also by oxidizing cyclohexane with nitric acid (HNO3) at a temperature of 100-200 ° C +, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) at a temperature of +50 ° C, or ozone (O3).
Adipic acid is also prepared by the carbonylation of THF (tetrahydrofuran) as adipic acid anhydride, which is then to provide the objective substance contact.
adipic acid Application:
- the substance is a raw material (used by about ninety per cent of the produced acid) polyhexamethyleneadipamide in production, as well as its esters and polyurethanes;
- used as a food additive (registered under number E 355) to give the products of sour taste (including the production of soft drinks);
- adipic acid is the main component of the funds intended for descaling;
- is used to remove the material that remained after the grouting between the tiles of ceramic;
- the use of carboxylic acids such as adipic acid, is essential for the synthesis of intermediates.
in which chemical reaction takes adipic acid?
1. This compound upon reaction with a variety of metals, their hydroxides and basic oxides yields the corresponding salts.
2. Can displace a weaker acid from its salt.
3. In the presence of an acid catalyst, adipic acid reacts with alcohols.In this form esters.
4. When heated, ammonium salts of adipic acid amides are formed.
5. Under the influence of SOCl2 adipic acid is converted to the corresponding acid chloride.
esters of adipic acid
1. Metiladipinat used for electrochemical synthesis dimethylsebacate.
2. Dialliladipinat is a polyester resin and hardener.
3. Etiladipinat is used as an additive in leaded gasoline in order to increase its octane rating.
4. diethyl adipate is used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of food films, shoes, PVC artificial leather, toys, linoleum, suspended ceilings.
5. Diizopropiladipinat used as a component of cosmetic products for the skin.
