Time is one of the most important components that determine a person's life, regardless of their social origin, nationality or political opinion.At the same time changing the length of daylight it enables people to artificially lengthen or shorten a light gap by translating time saving.However, on the need for this process in recent years there is a lot of discussion.
It should be noted that for the first time translation has been recommended by the famous American public figure and scientist Benjamin Franklin when he was working in France, the US envoy.In his work, he jokingly using simple practical calculations proved that by moving in the middle of March the clock one hour forward, Parisians will be able to save half the trouble that they use throughout the year.
To become a famous American then reacted with skepticism known, and the problem with the translation of the clock back a century later.Her first touched an entomologist from New Zealand J. Hudson, who substantiated the need to transfer the arrows in the spring is 2 hours ahead, that would provide additional opportunities for meaningful work.This proposal Hudson was formalized in the form of a scientific paper and published in 1898 in New Zealand's popular science magazine, which marked the beginning of many years of discussion.
In Europe, transfer time as a pressing need was first raised W. Willett, whom many consider "the inventor of daylight saving time."In his article "On the squandering of daylight," published in 1907 in England, he first theorized the need for such a transfer, and then offered every Sunday in April to move the clock forward 20 minutes, and in September - to return everything to its original state.British themselves do not hurry to use the offer of Willett and the first European country, which has translated to daylight saving time began, oddly enough, Germany, decided to remove the visible benefits in the light of the First World War.However, the Entente and hurried to keep up with enterprising Germans started to make changes to their hours of work in 1917.
In subsequent years, both in Europe and in the United States DST undergone quite serious criticism, so most countries have returned to pre-war scenario.However, with each new economic crisis management leading world powers once again returned to the possibility of 2 times a year dials to adjust the figures, rightly believing that in this way will be able to save on energy resources rose sharply.For example, at the same time the German translation performed started in 1940, in connection with the outbreak of the Second World War.Also in 1973, in connection with the start of the serious oil crisis.
Translation time in Russia for the summer for the first time was introduced in 1917 by a special decree of the Provisional Government, but with the arrival in November of the same year, the Bolsheviks took power, this procedure has been canceled.
The next important event was the introduction in 1930, the so-called "daylight saving time": to Standard Time this year was added for 1 hour, but no year-old state was not introduced.In April 1981, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution according to which once again injected hand position in spring and autumn.But the "standard time" in this case no one was not going to cancel, so the total difference in Russia in the summer on its belt indicator was already 2:00.
remedy this situation was to a decree of the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, in which the adjustment of hours in April 2011 on the state of the summer was supposed to be the last.However, by doing this, the Russians got a discrepancy with the belt at the same time for 2 hours.Largely because of this, and also due to the fact that in winter sharply reduced the duration of daylight, discussions about the feasibility of the transfer of arrows in spring and autumn resumed with renewed vigor.
