British judicial system - is quite intricate and complex set of different judicial institutions, the rule of law, customs and traditions.Entanglement This is largely due to the fact that it intricately intertwined standards early Middle Ages, Modern Times and Contemporary period.
general for the UK is characterized by an extremely careful attitude to the law: here know how to honor the customs and traditions that go back many decades and even centuries.Until now, many local social institutions, including the judiciary and the UK, operate under the laws and royal decrees adopted in ancient times.
The judiciary UK has a rather complex structure in which clearly visible two basic levels: local, who works closely with the local authorities and the central, whose jurisdiction covers the entire territory of the state.
UK law are the following varieties of local courts:
1. Magistrates' courts - the lowest level of the UK judiciary.Most often they are made up of one judge and consider domestic disputes between spouses, minor offense with minor penalties, as well as claims with a very small amount.A feature of this trial is that the judge is not required to have legal training, as the main responsibility lies with his assistants, clerks.
2. Courts fourth session, in terms of judicial legislation, are the appellate body for appeals against decisions of the lower courts on the county level.In terms of its composition courts quadruple sessions include all the magistrates of this county, but in reality they seldom fully collected.In addition to the appeals court of this kind can act as a judicial body of first instance, in the case of grave and especially grave crimes.
3. county courts - it is the judicial authorities, consisting of one or two professional judges and force in the territory allotted to them District.UK Laws restrict their scope of activities: county courts may review and make decisions solely in civil cases.
With regard to the central courts, judiciary UK Summit presents an even more complex and confusing than the local.By the central courts include the Supreme Court, the Central Criminal Court in London, the courts of visiting sessions, numerous special courts and the court of the House of Lords.
entire judicial system of Great Britain is under the control of the Supreme Court, which is the highest judicial body in the kingdom.Structurally, it consists of the High Court of Appeal and, at the same time the first one also includes the Court of Queen's Bench and the Court of wills, divorces and Maritime Affairs.
Central Criminal Court in London to hear criminal cases involving offenses committed by or directly in the capital of Great Britain, or within the boundaries of the London County.In addition, it dealt with crimes committed outside the kingdom or in the open sea.
British judicial system implies a high responsibility that the judges in making decisions.Therefore, all the judges are in the central organs, and in the field, appointed directly by the reigning monarch as agreed with the Lord Chancellor, who is not only head of the House of Lords, but in combination is the head of all justice in the UK.It should also be noted that the appointment of judges in England is lifelong.
number of criminal and civil cases in the UK is considered in a jury trial.This court consists of one (sometimes two) professional judge and twelve jurors.Here, after the passage of the trial, the jury render a verdict on the basis of which the judge formulates the sentence.For the issuance of a verdict must be not less than ten jurors vote.
