Archaeological excavations - a drilling-land to make a study of the monuments of former places of settlement.Unfortunately, this process leads to the partial destruction of the cultural layer of soil.Unlike laboratory experiments, re-implementation of the archaeological site of space is not possible.In order to perform an autopsy on the ground in many countries it requires a special permit.In Russia (and before that in the RSFSR) "open lists" - the so-called documented agreement - are made at the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences.Carrying out this type of work on the territory of the Russian Federation, in the absence of the document is an administrative offense.
Grounds for opening the soil
Land cover has a tendency over time to increase its mass, resulting in a gradual concealing artifacts.It is with a view to finding an autopsy performed sods.Increased soil strata can occur for several reasons:
- natural accumulation of organic matter in the soil formed, for example, as a result of rotting remains of dead plants.
- Subsidence of cosmic dust on the surface of the earth.
- accumulation of waste from human activities.
- transfer of soil particles by wind.
Objectives The main goal pursued by researchers, carrying out archeological excavations - a study of ancient monuments and the restoration of its value in the historical process.For a comprehensive, integrated study of the cultural layer most preferably, made his full opening of the entire depth.In the account will not be accepted even the interests of particular archaeologist.However, as a rule, it has only a partial opening of the monument because of the high complexity of the process.Some archaeological sites, depending on their complexity, can take years and even decades.The works can be carried out not only to the study of historical monuments.In addition to the archaeological, there is another form of excavation, known as "protection".In accordance with the law in the Russian Federation need to be carried out before the construction of various buildings and structures.Because otherwise probably available at the site of ancient monuments will be lost forever.
course of study
First of all, the object of historical study begins with non-destructive methods such as photographing, measuring and description.In the event of the need to measure the direction and the thickness of the cultural layer is probing, digging trenches or pits.These tools also allow you to search for the object, the location of which is known only from written sources.However, the use of such methods has been limited use because they are largely spoil the cultural layer, also of historical interest.
Technology autopsy land
all stages of investigation and clearance of historical objects necessarily accompanied by photographic fixing.Carrying out archeological excavations in the territory of the Russian Federation it is accompanied by the observance of strict requirements.They are approved under the "Regulations".The paper focuses on the need to produce good quality drawings.In recent years they have increasingly issued in electronic form with the use of new computer technologies.
Archaeological excavations Russia
Not long ago, Russian archaeologists was made public a list of the most important discoveries in 2010 The most significant events in this period was the discovery of the treasure in the city of Torzhok, archaeological excavations in Jericho.In addition, it has been confirmed by the age of Yaroslavl.Under the guidance of the Institute of Archaeology RAS every year are loaded with dozens of scientific expeditions.Their research extends over the entire territory of the European part of Russia, at certain points in the Asian part of the country and even abroad, for example in Mesopotamia, Central Asia and the Spitsbergen archipelago.According to the director of the Institute Nikolai Makarov at a press conference, during 2010, the Institute of Archaeology RAS was only carried out 36 expeditions.And only half of them were carried out on the territory of Russia, and the rest - abroad.It was also reported that about 50% of the funding generated from the state budget, income and RAS scientific institutions such as the "Russian Foundation for Basic Research" and "The Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation."While the rest of the resources allocated to carry out work related to the conservation of monuments of archaeological heritage, distinguished investor-developer.
Research Phanagoria
According to Makarov, in 2010 and a significant shift in the study of the monuments of ancient times.This is especially true Phanagoria - the largest of the ancient city found in Russia and the second in a row capitals Bosporus.During this time, scientific figures were studied building the acropolis, and found a large building, which dates back to the age of the IV century BC.e.All the archaeological excavations in Phanagoria conducted under the direction of Doctor of Historical Sciences Vladimir Kuznetsov.It was he who found the building identified as a public building, which used to be held before the State Assembly.A remarkable feature of this construction - center, which used to maintain daily burning fire.It was believed that as long as its flame shines, public life of the ancient city never stops.
Research in Sochi
Another significant event in 2010 was excavated in the capital of the 2014 Olympics.A team of scientists, led by Dr. Art History - a leading researcher of the Institute of Archaeology, Vladimir Sedov, doing research near the construction site of Terminal Railways y n. Hilarious.Here, then, and they found the remains of a Byzantine church IX-XI centuries.
Excavations at p. Krutik
This trade and craft village of the tenth century, situated in the forests of the Vologda region Belozor.Archaeological excavations in the area headed by the candidate of historical sciences Sergey Zakharov.In 2010, there were found 44 coins minted in Central Asia, the countries of the Caliphate and the Middle East.Traders use them to pay for furs, especially tsenivshihsya in the Arab East.
Archaeological excavations.Crimea
Historical curtain rises this area largely due to often occurring here research.Some expedition lasted for many years.Among them: "Kulchuk," "The Seagull," "Belyaus", "Kalos-Limen", "Cembalo" and many others.If you have a desire to go to the archaeological site, you can join a group of volunteers.However, as a rule, their stay in the country of the volunteers have to pay yourself.In Crimea, held a huge number of missions, but most of them are short-lived.In this case the small size of the group.Research performed by experienced workers and professional archaeologists.
