Kazakhstan - a vast country, which constitute the main pride of the steppe and the nomads.But that's not all.In such a country attractive to travelers - a wonderful nature with a diverse landscape and the amazing city that carry western luxury combined with Oriental tranquility.
Their architecture is fraught with not only modern, but also antiquity.At the same time it is a real exotic Asian culture that carefully keeps the traditions of the past.
history
The earliest data about cities in Kazakhstan date back to the sixth century.Initially, the large settlements of the country are in a cozy valley of the Syr Darya River and the Seven Rivers.Archaeological excavations in southern Kazakhstan have been identified the remains of ancient cities, built in the sixth - ninth centuries.
main territory inhabited by the steppe nomads.With the citizens of their relations were quite difficult.For nomads large settlements were the centers of trade, but at the same time, they are often attacked them.
There are some towns that can boast of its antiquity.These include the city of Kazakhstan as Taraz, Turkestan and Shymkent.
In the seventeenth century the country came the first Russian settlements.It Guriev and Yaitsky town.Gradually, from north to south parishes of the Russian colonization.It was founded a number of cities, most of which can be found on a modern map of the country.
In the twentieth century in Kazakhstan conducted a large-scale mining for mining.In connection with these works there was a large number of modern cities.
Administrative territories
Kazakhstan is a part of the fourteen regions.They are located eighty-six cities.These include mega-cities of national importance.Their two - Almaty and Astana.The largest city of Kazakhstan - is Shymkent, Almaty, Karaganda and, of course, Astana.The country has one hundred sixty eight districts and one hundred seventy four village.
cities of Kazakhstan, the list of which is given below, are the centers of regions of the country:
- Ust-Kamenogorsk (East Kazakhstan region.).
- Taraz (Zhambyl region.).
- Karaganda (Karaganda region.).
- Aktobe (Aktobe.).
- Taldykorgan (Almaty region.).
- Kyzylorda (Kyzylorda region.).
- Kostanay (Kostanai region.).
- Pavlodar (Pavlodar region)..
- Shymkent (South-Kazakh region.).
- Uralsk (West-Kazakhstan region.).
- Petropavlovsk (North-Kazakh region.).
- Kokshetau (Akmola region).
- Aktau (Mangistau region)..
- Atyrau (Atyrau region.).
city having national significance, is the cosmodrome.There is the world-famous eponymous cosmodrome, which is leased to Russia, two thousand and fifty.
Capital
Just over a decade Astana became beautiful and modern city.The young capital of Kazakhstan in its architecture does not concede many famous world capitals.Each of the buildings constructed here performed in the Eurasian style.At the same time they are the real works of art of building.Astana is a majestic symbol of economic and political independence of Kazakhstan.In this country it is rightly considered a center of cultural and social life.
capital of Kazakhstan is located in the northern part.It was built near the river Nur, on the bank of the Ishim River.It has long been the place has attracted the inhabitants of the steppe areas, as located at the intersection of caravan routes.In the precincts of the modern city, archaeologists have found proof of residence dating from the Bronze Age, Iron Age and the Middle Ages.
The city itself was founded in 1830 and he was then a Cossack outpost.Founder of Astana - Colonel FK Shubin.After some time, the fortress began to grow in the city.And by the 19th century Akmola was an important geopolitical center of the district.Since 1961 the town was renamed Tselinograd.Since 1992, he became the Akmola.Since 1998 - Astana.Officially, the city became the capital of Kazakhstan, the tenth in December 1997 Today, Astana covers an area of more than seven hundred square kilometers.This is a major city in the country.
After gaining the status of a particular area of the economy of the capital Astana has been realized a huge number of urban development projects.And increased population.If in 1996 the city's population of 270 thousand. People, in 2006 this figure reached six hundred thousand.
By decision of UNESCO, which was adopted in 1999, Astana was awarded the title of "city of peace."
Almaty
The list, which includes the largest city in Kazakhstan, the country's capital is not the first place.It is ahead of Alma-Ata.Starting from 1927, it was the capital of the country.Despite the transfer of their status Astana, the city remains the only major metropolis of the state, which is home to more than a million inhabitants.In addition, Alma-Ata - the financial and economic and cultural center of the state.
city Located in the south-eastern region of Kazakhstan, at the very foot of the Trans-Ili Alatau.The climate in this area is quite soft.
Located largest city of Kazakhstan in the center of the Eurasian continent.It is said that on the same latitude with him are Vladivostok and Gagra.Buildings and facilities Almaty located at a height of six hundred to one thousand six hundred and fifty meters above sea level.
climate throughout the town features a large fluctuation of daily and annual temperatures.Northern housing estates go to the hot steppe, and feel the breath of the southern glaciers.
Karaganda
City Central Kazakhstan in the administrative-territorial division are Karaganda region.Is it the heart of the Eurasian continent.The capital region is the city of Karaganda.It is a major industrial and industrial, cultural and scientific center.Its population in 2006 was almost 452 thousand. Man.As the number of residents of the city occupies the fourth place in the country.
Karaganda - a major regional center, located on the territory of about five hundred and fifty square kilometers.The city has a lot of engineering, food processing and metal, as well as coal mining.Here is developed transport infrastructure and communications.
The regional submission is eleven cities.The second-largest after the Karaganda is Temirtau.Other cities of Kazakhstan, at the center of its territory, that the Balkhash and Zhezkazgan, Satpayev, Shakhtinsk, Priozersk and Saran and Abai.The oldest city in the region is Karkaralinsk.It was founded as a military fort in 1824
As for the climate, it is in the Karaganda region has sharply continental character.Winters are harsh and sultry summer.Annual rainfall is negligible.In the summer the vegetation tend to fade, and winter storms sweep the roads completely.In the spring the snow melts, turning rivers and ravines in rushing streams.
Shymkent
He is on the list, which includes most major cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Shymken is the regional center of South Kazakhstan region.It
modern city.It inhabits him a little more than half a million people.Shymkent not only the third largest city in the country.In addition, it is a major cultural, commercial and industrial center.It is located sixty-nine enterprises of mechanical engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy, food processing, oil refining and chemical industry.
Ust-Kamenogorsk
It is the capital of East Kazakhstan region, which borders with China and Russia.The city is a major transportation hub and industrial settlements among the Altai Mountains.Date of establishment - 1720, when at the confluence of the Ulba and Irtysh began construction of a defensive fortress.In the old days was called Ust-Kamenogorsk gate Altai mountains, as he passed through all the expeditions to mountains.
Currently it is the largest metallurgical center of the country.It deployed the production of cadmium and silver, gold and gallium.Development in the city of light, food and forestry industry.It works in Ust-Kamenogorsk factory producing silk.
cities in Eastern Kazakhstan, and they number ten inhabit Kazakhs and Russian.The second largest after the Ust Kamenogorsk is Semipalatinsk.It also refers to the East Kazakh region.The city was founded in 1718, it was originally a defensive fortress.Semey (Semipalatinsk) has high commercial value.Through it passed the caravan routes bound for Russia from Mongolia, as well as in Central Asia from Siberia.Since the late nineteenth century, families have become an important harbor on the Irtysh with advanced navigation.In Semipalatinsk developed the production of consumer goods.Available here electrical cables, automated systems, as well as various equipment, tools and instruments.
Uralsk
It is the administrative center of West Kazakhstan region.It is located in a picturesque valley.Near the settlement Derkud the river is the right tributary of Chagan.Uralsk (Kazakhstan) is unique in its geographical location.There is an invisible border of Asia and Europe.
Date of foundation of the city - 1613 It was then that in these places there was a Cossack settlement.
Currently, the area of the city with all its suburbs - more than seven hundred square kilometers.The length of the regional center from north to south - eight, and from east to west - twelve kilometers.The population of Uralsk as of 2009 amounted to 211 thousand. Man.Among them are Russian and Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Germans, as well as other nationalities.
If the transfer of the city of Kazakhstan, which are industrial, historical and cultural center of the republic, among them will be mentioned, and Uralsk.In recent years, greatly strengthened its economic value and the share of industrial output.This promotes located in one hundred and fifty kilometers from the city of oil and gas condensate field Karachaganak.
Uralsk involved in the industry, many industry.These include energy and engineering, flour, cereal and food.Developed here is light and construction material industry.
Petropavlovsk
This city is the administrative center of the North Kazakhstan region.The date of foundation is considered to 1752 During this period, the site of today was founded in Petropavlovsk fortress of St.. Peter.
Today he is a member of the International Assembly of capitals and large cities.In addition, the city of Petropavlovsk (Kazakhstan) - the owner of the three giants of the competition of the best cities in the CIS.
In the regional center there are nine different transportation companies, government agencies operate seventeen cultural sphere, teaches students State University.M. Kozybayev.
Ore
the summer of 1954 the Soviet government decided to start the construction of the Sokolov-Sarbai mining and processing plant.Thus began the history of Rudny.The town was founded in 1957 on the bank of the Tobol River in the territory of Turgai plateau.Around him stretched endless steppe.
city owes its appearance to the pilot Surganova.When in 1949 he was flying over the natural boundary Sarbay, then he noticed his unusual behavior of the compass.After some time here sent geologists and geographers.Thus, it was discovered Sokolovskoye field.City Rudny (Kazakhstan) was built fairly quickly.In 1959 he was awarded the status of a city.
small towns
Kazakh cities with a population of fifty thousand people are officially called small.Of these, forty-one town is the administrative center of the region concerned.The rest are not.Among them, Temir and Stepnogorsk, Gemme and Emba, Tekeli and Kapchagai, Charsk and Serebryansk, Shakhtinsk and Priozersk, and Kurchatov Saran, and Karazhal Lisakovsk, Arkalyk and Aksu, Shu and Kazalinsk.
