As we know from school physics course, in the process of electrifying bodies the law of conservation of electric charges.At first glance it may appear that the knowledge of this fact is too abstract to deal with them in everyday life.Let us now talk about whether this really is, and where you can meet the law of conservation of electric charge.
The current theory about the structure of the microworld argue that the charge carriers - electrons, is one of the most stable particles.Energy can not disappear: in the universe there is only her conversion.Thus, the law of conservation of electric charge.Suppose that an electron under certain conditions can be divided into other components of the particles (eg, photons, and the elusive neutrinos), with a corresponding net charge.But so far the official science denies such a possibility, as the experience (and they are carried out repeatedly) failed.No wonder they say that the electron is indivisible, it is inexhaustible ... The theoretical lifetime of a given particle is not less than 10 to the power 22.
It's no secret that the total charge of the atom is zero.This is because the negative potential of the electrons is compensated by positively charged protons in the nucleus.Performs mutual neutralization, so the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.Of course, if you tell him the extra energy (eg, heat the material to high temperatures or influence alternating magnetic field), the electrons in the outer orbits (valence) can leave their "rightful places."In this case, a substance ion and a free electron.But as a rule, acquired particle energy is emitted in the form of photons and atoms stable structure is restored.A special case - the connection elements when some particles are shared between two (or more) atoms.The law of conservation is also carried out to the full.
But back from the microcosm to the more practical life.The law of conservation of electric charge is widely used in electrical engineering calculations.For example, it is enough to remember the first rule of Kirchhoff.In fact, it confirms the law of conservation of electric charge.For example, in AC three-phase current commonly used method of connecting wires into a star.Thus three phase conductors are connected at a node.It would seem inevitable short-circuit current increases and burnout conductive material.In reality, however, the following happens: each such node sum of the currents is equal to zero.The calculations (suspended) are considered positive currents flowing in and go - negative.In other words: I1 + I2 + I3 = 0, and that is also true, I2 = I1-I3, and so on.In simple terms, the incoming charge may not exceed the sum of the outgoing assembly.If under such conductors connecting the charge conservation law is not working, it was fixed to the accumulation of charged particles in the node, and this is not happening.
Electrical and atoms - this is not the only area where the law of conservation of charge.Biology and botany are also not forgotten.When the famous process of photosynthesis (the creation of organic matter in the chlorophyll grains under the influence of sunlight) at the time of absorption of a photon tissue structure leaves one electron.However, because the chlorophyll molecule at the same time acquires a positive charge, the "vacant seat" was soon filled with one of the free particles.In fact, thanks to the law of conservation of charge, can exist in the form of the universe to which we are accustomed.
