All models that people use in various spheres of activity, can be divided into two groups: material and abstract.The first objective is, you can really touch it.Second, there is only in the human mind.In this article we will consider only the mathematical methods and models in economics.They are used for the analysis of processes and phenomena taking place in this area.Their use allows to set new economic goals.Thanks to him the leadership decides on the management of the organization, the firm now.
Mathematical Methods of Operations Research in the economy is the most effective tool in the study of problems in this area.In the modern scientific and technological activities, they are a critical form of modeling.In practice, the planning and management of this process - the main.
Economic-mathematical methods and models constitute the basis on which various programs originally designed to meet the challenges of planning, analysis and management.Along with the hardware, database, they are part of the man-machine system.It allows the use of models and knowledge to solve all sorts of problems (as nekonstrukturirovannyh and slabokonstrukturirovannyh).
Depending on the criteria that are the basis of division, economic and mathematical methods and models are classified as follows.
1. On purpose, they are:
- application that is using them to solve specific problems;
- Theoretical (they are used when you want to explore the general patterns and characteristics of the processes occurring in the economy).
2. In addition, any causal relationship, they reflect:
- deterministic;
- probabilistic (take into account the factor of uncertainty arises).
3.Po level of the processes in the economy, they are exploring:
- manufacturing and processing;
- social and economic.
4. By the way that reflects the time factor:
- dynamic, it can be seen by the changes;
- static dependencies here reflect only one time period or time.
5. The level of detail:
- macro model (aggregated);
- microscopic model (detailed).
6. The form of expressing mathematical relationships:
- nonlinear;
- linear - they are very useful for the calculation and analysis that led to their wider dissemination.
Economic-mathematical methods and models have their own principles of construction.These include:
1. The principle of the uniqueness of the data.According to this information, which is used in the beginning of the simulation, it should not depend on the parameters of the future system, which at this stage of the study yet even unknown.
2. The principle of completeness of the initial information.It means that the initial information is used must be very precise, since it depends on the results.
3. The principle of continuity.He says that those features of the object, which is reflected or installed in the first models, must be maintained in each subsequent.
4. The principle of effective implementation.Each model is to be used in practice.It should help the implementation of the latest computing resources.
Economic-mathematical methods and models are always built in several stages:
1) Defining the problem, its analysis.
2) Construction of a mathematical model.This is its expression in the form of functions, charts, equations.
3) Analysis of the resulting model using mathematical techniques.
4) Preparation of initial information.
5) This is the actual programming, algorithms and settlement of accounts.
6) Analysis of the results and their practical application.
Each of these stages can have their own specifics, depending on the particular area of expertise.
