Establishment Order Secret Affairs (year of formation about 1653rd), initiated by Alexei Mikhailovich quietest, had two objectives.On the one hand, it was used as the Office of the sovereign individual.On the other - Order Secret Affairs acted as a public authority, who took the case of the other management departments.According to some historians, the new institution can be regarded as the first department of special services.This assertion is supported by the fact that the order of the Secret Affairs was not subordinate to the Boyar Duma, and its decisions are always going to bypass this important opinion of the Supreme Council.
the essence of
Based on data provided by official Ambassadors order Grigory Karpovich Kotoshikhin during his stay in Moscow, the order of the Secret Affairs consisted of one clerk and ten clerks.An interesting historical fact is that the duma people, as well as the nobles, had no right to be included in its composition.This was due to the fact that the activities of the organization was directly aimed at monitoring their activities.Scribe performed a number of special assignments of national importance.For example, they were included in the compositions of ambassadorial delegations to different countries, as in the case of military action were sent to governors.The objective of "agents" has been carefully monitor the activities of the governor and the ambassadors and timely report on the observations directly to the sovereign.If you are interested in friendship with the clerks Ambassadors often bribed them.
Causes
Like his son later, Alexis tried to maximize their field of activity.Lively curiosity and irrepressible activity has always aroused in him the desire to be knowledgeable in all matters of national importance, regardless of their size and importance, and to take in all these areas for maximum participation.But, unlike his fearless son, Quietest King was timid by nature and is highly sensitive, and did not differ directness in making decisions.The story of the Patriarch Nikon showed that the duties of a ruler was given to him with difficulty.You want to hide this part of his nature and can be explained by his desire to organize this special state body.Coming from foreign analogs can be recognized by the French secret office, which operated during the reign of Louis XV, with the difference that the sphere of its interests extended far beyond the field of foreign relations.
rank contemporaries and development
During trips and hikes king was accompanied by a staff secret orders, which consists of secretaries, clerks and clerks and clerks.Over time, the organization has lost its mobile character.Order Secret Affairs became a permanent service at the court, and these changes have occurred with the expansion of the competence of the body.The number of objects the political life of the state in charge of the new state institutions rapidly increased.Order Secret Affairs called a natural fear of his contemporaries who had the opportunity to observe its growing influence.For example, Tatishchev compared it to the Inquisition, A Leclerc and Kono - a "bloody tribunal."According to modern historians, the creation of the Secret Order of affairs was the first attempt to form a secret organization.It is even considered that this department is the prototype of such structures as the Tsarist secret police, or even the NKVD.At the same time he ordered the Secret Affairs was also an instrument of centralization.
duality operation "Secret Service" king
But such a narrow interpretation of the role of the order can be attributed more to the contemporary sensibility.History has not preserved a hint of its activities repressive, even during the era of peasant revolts, such as the suppression of the uprising of Stepan Razin.Such errors in determining the range of tasks of the first "special services" can be explained as a wide scope of activities and the aura of mystery that inevitably surround all government institutions of this kind.In this you can see the personal attitude of Alexei Mikhailovich to the child.They were made up even a special alphabet for the order, but in general, sir, appear later had a very vague idea of the meaning of the institution.
king participation in the activities of the secret service
uncertainty of the situation has led to the fact that the registry order soon filled with lots of different cases, whose composition was determined not so much the scope of the true purpose of a public authority, as impulsiveness and enthusiasm of the king.Not surprisingly, in the terms of reference "of the bloody tribunal" is an extract from a place abroad fruit trees and parrots for the king's poultry houses and service organizations whistleblower in case of fire.
Conclusion
Formed Order Secret Affairs (year of education is specified in the beginning of the article) had the authority to interfere in the internal and external policies (with the full approval of the king).Thus, it can be determined that the main activities of the organization extended in two directions.Firstly, it was an independent body to hear cases outside the jurisdiction of any other state institutions.And secondly, the department alone interfere with the functioning of the Office.Particular attention was given to the king's personal correspondence, known for his passion for the study and revision of written circulars that appeared from the pen of his secretaries.
