Acrylic acid - is one of the simplest representatives of carboxylic acids, unsaturated monobasic.Its formula is as follows: CH2 = CH-COOH.It is a colorless liquid that has a sharp and unpleasant smell.Soluble in water, chloroform, diethyl ether and ethanol, it moves further polymerized to form polyacrylic acid.In the acrylic acid has other names: etenkarbonovaya acid and propenoic acid.
How to get (or synthesize) acrylic acid?
1. Currently, acrylic acid is produced by vapor phase oxidation of propylene with oxygen (O2) to molybdenum, bismuth and cobalt catalysts.An example is the following reaction:
CH2 = CH-CH 3 (propylene) + O2 (oxygen) = CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid)
2. In the past, a reaction in which carbon monoxide is reacted II (CO), acetylene (SN≡SN) and water (H2O).Chemical reaction will thus such:
SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (carbon monoxide II) + H2O (water) → CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid).
still use formaldehyde reaction with ketene:
CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (propenoic acid).
3. Now the company Rohm and Haas created a special synthesis technology etenkarbonovoy acid from propane.
Chemical properties of acrylic acid
considered by us acid may form salts, esters, anhydrides, amides, acid chlorides, and other compounds.Also it can engage in addition reactions which are characteristic of the ethylene carbons.Joining water proton acids and NH3 is not for Markovnikov's rule.Wherein substituted derivatives.Acrylic acid is involved in the synthesis of the dienes.Also, it condensed with various salts aryldiazonium.When the ultraviolet irradiation, it forms a polyacrylic acid.
Applying acrylic kiloty
- it is used as a raw material in the manufacture of a wide range of polymer products with different chemical and physical properties (eg, plastics and coatings);
- used in the production of aqueous dispersions of acrylic paints and varnishes;wherein the area of application of such paints will depend on the chemical properties of the copolymer - final painting of vehicles and ceiling before painting;
- acrylic acid and its derivatives are used to make adhesives for leather and fabrics, to emulsions in paints, as a raw material for acrylic fibers and polyacrylonitrile rubbers, construction adhesives, and mixtures thereof;metaakrilovoy esters and acrylic acid (usually used ethers, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate) used for the production of polymers;
- often acrylic acid is used in the creation of superabsorbents.
Proper storage of acrylic acid
When storing the substance in order to avoid polymerization inhibitor is added - hydroquinone.Before using the acid must be distilled caution as possible to develop the explosive polymerization.
safety when using
When working with acrylic acid should take into account that the substance is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes.Threshold irritating acid is 0.04 mg / liter.After contact with the mucous membrane of the eyeball, usually causes severe burns of the cornea may lead to irreversible changes (damage is not curable).Inhalation of acrylic acid can cause headaches, respiratory irritation, and in excessive doses - the development of pulmonary edema.In areas where the work is carried out with acrylic acid, requires constant monitoring of the air.MPC this acid is 5 mg / metr³.Safety precautions should be observed when working with other derivatives.As example is acrylonitrile.
