Many people use the word "era", not particularly thinking about its meaning."Victorian era", "Soviet era", "Renaissance" - which is actually meant by these phrases, it is for the time period, so often used by historians, philosophers, archaeologists and other researchers?
definition "era»
Era - an exception to the rules on time units.We can not say that this is the year, decade, century or millennium.The era may last an indefinite period of time, sometimes it takes several centuries, sometimes millennia.It all depends on the degree and speed of development of mankind.Epoch - is the unit by which the periodization of the historical process.The term is also treated as a specific period of high-quality human development.
periodization of the development of society
historical epoch - a philosophical concept, symbolizing the degree of civilization, humanity's transition to another level of cultural, technological and social development, climbing to the highest level.Philosophers and historians from different times tried to solve the puzzle and create a single correct periodization.To do this, the scientists took a certain historical periods studied what happened in those days, at what level of development there were people, and then we combined them.For example, the era of the ancient world - it is slavery, a new time - capitalism, etc.
It should be noted that some historians have periodization of the development of mankind, and they all involve different time frames.The most common division: antiquity, the Middle Ages, a new time.This question remains open until now, because scientists have not reached a consensus.The division of world history for the ages ambiguous.
criteria for dividing history
era of peace - this time period, highlighted by a certain criterion.Perhaps historians have come to an agreement, if it has been evaluated the development of society on one definition.And since there is no consensus on exactly how to share the story of what a start.Some take as a basis for people's attitude to the property, the other - the level of development of productive forces, some periodization up by choosing the degree of rigidities or the freedom of the individual.
In the end, the international community of historians agreed that the era - a technological stage of development of society.There were periods in the history of a few, and they are divided between the technological revolution.The best minds are fighting hard to understand what steps mankind has already passed, and which he has yet to pass.
main epoch of world history
Scientists identify four main periods of development of society: the archaic, agrarian, industrial and postindustrial.First period refers to the VIII - VI centuries.BC.Archaic era is characterized by a significant breakthrough humanity forward, changing the face of society, the emergence of the foundations of statehood, a large demographic surge.During this period flourished urbanization, most people lived in cities.Also, there have been significant changes in the military.
agrarian era falls on V-IV centuries.BC.Society of primitive communal goes into agricultural policy.During this period, there was a lot of principalities, kingdoms and empires with centralized management.There was a division of labor in the pastoral, agricultural and craft.This period is characterized by agricultural production method.
In the industrial era (XVIII - 1 floor. XX centuries.) Occurred in global socio-economic, technological and political changes.Instead, factories were the factory, that is manual labor was replaced by machines.As a result of increased labor market, increase productivity, experienced strong urbanization.The post-industrial era began in the second half of the twentieth century, it is called "a period of no laws."It is characterized by rapid developments, automation of production.The era began significant changes in all spheres of life, it is still going on.
