What cursive - information, designed not only to satisfy the thirst for knowledge inquisitive reader, but also has practical application in people whose activities are connected with the necessity of perception and processing of a large amount of spoken text.
Historical preconditions of cursive
ABC created in the 9th century on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor brothers Cyril and Methodius, to be used for the translation of the Greek theological books into Slavic.But the clarity and ease of use of the sign system Cyrillic contributed to the rapid and wide dissemination of Slavic Literature and its use not only in the religious sphere, but also in the household and business level.
By the end of the 10th century Slavic alphabet starts to be used on the territory of the ancient Russian state as a church language.Old Slavonic language gradually modified under the influence of the East Slavic colloquial speech, which brought in new elements.
Extant manuscripts allowed scientists to trace the evolution of the sign displaying the Cyrillic alphabet.Stages of ancient font modifications include statutory letter (the most ancient manuscripts date back to the 11th century), semi-uncial, used since the 14th century and has become a model text for the first books printed in Russia and cursive writing, which appeared almost simultaneously with halfuncial.
Stages of development of Russian cursive
Old Russian shorthand has emerged as an essential element of the business of writing, but pretty soon gained wider use.What is cursive, it was known to the general public, and it was used in all areas of life.
For ages 16-17 cursive becomes practically independent and form a type of writing, some elements of which have not changed in our time.
main signs
cursive cursive had a number of distinctive features.The main difference from other types of old Russian literature was almost complete rejection of geometrical marks a significant simplification of the classic writing letters, convenience and speed of image.Shape roundness different characters, different spelling of uppercase and lowercase letters, style abounds strokes, loops, extensions that go beyond the line, there is a partial connectivity letters.
desire to speed up the process of writing gradually led to greater freedom and ease of lettering, the emergence of a variety of images (handwriting), fusion of writing lines.
Civil cursive
The first half of the 18th century ends with the formation of cursive called historians of ancient.The next stage of development of cursive in Russia, later called civil.It is characterized by the simplification and proportionality of the mark, the abolition of some elements, more readability.
The reform undertaken by Peter I in the early 18th century, of the 10 letters of the alphabet have disappeared and there was a new 4 (E, E, Q, H), were canceled accent marks.There was a separate writing words and phrases, a system allocating capital letters.
appearance of a simple, convenient and clear letters contributed to the development of Russian literature, literacy and education.Used in Civil cursive font is used for printing literary works of a secular nature, scientific papers, government documents, petitions.
In the further development of civil cursive shows the influence of the Latin writing system.By the mid-19th century formed cursive font which uses virtually no change in our time.
What cursive today
There are different ways of writing speed based on the application of systems of shorthand word - acronyms, abbreviations, acronyms.Shorthand, cursive, semantografiya, notes - the methods of high-speed writing, writing different way to record information, the use of certain symbolic systems, purpose.
Translation cursive
regard to the question of translation, that is cursive, is one of the key for a qualified translation, primarily oral consecutive.
Unlike the shorthand, is actually a verbatim record or note-taking based on abbreviated writing down the main fact, translation cursive appears, in fact, aid memory, effective action for the retention of the text without a significant load.It allows you to minimize the loss of information when transferring a large amount of oral communications.Shorthand used in translation, it is not a simple fixation of the text, and is accompanied by subjective interpretation and transfer to highlight key information messages.
Basics method
basic principles and methods on which the Universal translation cursive include the choice of words with the most meaning, definite system of records exception recording vowels in the middle of words, and double consonants, the use of symbols instead of letters to writesemantic poles.
convenience and efficiency of characters is the speed mark, clarity, ability to focus on the content of the text at the stage of perception.Each translator determines the choice of symbols for themselves on their own, often using their own non-linguistic signs.
To date, the use of high-speed recording system is gradually losing its relevance due to the development of technology.Nevertheless, for those engaged in translation work, knowing that such cursive, it is a confirmation of their professionalism.
