Zaporizhzhya Sich - a fortified cell nereestrovogo Zaporozhye forces (bottom) in the second half of the XVI to the end of the XVIII century.It was located behind the rapids of the Dnieper on the island of Khortytsya.Its creation was the impetus for consolidation of the Ukrainian Cossacks.Zaporizhzhya Sich strongly influenced the formation of the identity of the Cossacks and the approval of their organizational structure.Save the information on the seven Sechah that consistently alternated.We try to understand what more influence on the course of history has Zaporizhzhya Sich, what it is and for what purpose it created.
device
Zaporizhzhya Sich - this island fortress, which was surrounded by ramparts with palisades.On the perimeter there were guns.Between the shafts was a wide area, which stood at the edge of the barracks-smoking, inhabited by Cossacks Cossacks.On Sich them recite several thousand.Sometimes, the number reached tens of thousands.Permanent makeup called Kosh.On the territory it was also a church, school, house of senior officials, the military and outbuildings.Sich a temple of the Holy Virgin and the clergy subordinate to the Kiev-Mezhyhirska Archimandrite.Open space near the church was the center of social and political life of Zaporozhye Sech.They held councils and assemblies.
For shafts was the bazaar, where merchants came with their goods.Sechevikov sell their products there.As a rule, it was a game, fish.Zaporizhzhya Sich - a territory that was originally completely free of power of the landlords.Panov and serfs were not there.Relations between sechevikov built not by the usual compulsion, but on contractual terms.Everyone was free.The top of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, of course, had the privilege.Senior officials often became owners of large wintering, water mills, herds of cattle, and so on. N.
elected authorities
Zaporizhzhya Sich - a paramilitary organization with a clear hierarchy of power.Despite the fact that everyone was free Cossack, social differences still existed.Rich sergeant obeyed mass of poor sechevikov.Between these class groups was a layer of small owners - the middle class.From among the rich Cossacks elected by popular vote for the tip, which is concentrated in the hands of its administrative power.She led an army and control the finances and to represent Sitch in diplomatic relations.
Although the right to vote of each Cossack sergeant almost always sought favorable decisions for themselves.Zaporizhzhya Sich - is education, which is called the Cossack republic.
Sich society was divided into smoking.The supreme authority was the Cossack Council, which addressed the most important issues.It was attended by all the Sich.It was there that elected ataman.Parliament and also could remove him from office.In sechevikov he had his court.There was a code of judicial and penal system.For theft from colleagues, insubordination and insolence towards the higher command, for raping a woman during a hike (at the camp women were not), sodomy and other offenses could be a court decision to lose his head.
Education
Zaporizhzhya Sich - a place where a lot of attention paid to education.For children with the Cossacks churches acting school.There they were taught to read and write, music, singing, and others. Another indicator of the cultural development of the Sich was a respectful attitude to the books that were considered of great value.Afford to buy them could only wealthy Cossacks.The book is considered one of the best gifts.It is believed that the origin of the word "whip" - Slavic.It is a derivative of the "slaughter" - a battle, a battle sword.Meaning of the word "whip" for the Ukrainian Cossacks were inextricably linked to their fortress on the island of Khortytsya and elsewhere.It has become synonymous with home.
Movies
Cossacks Cossacks by sea and overland trips to the Poles, Turks, Tartars, Muscovites.For Russia and Poland Sich was for a long time and at the same time convenient counterweight barrier against Crimean Tatars and Turks.However, freedom-loving Cossacks often fought with them.For the Ukrainian peasantry, which languished under the oppression of Poles, Sich became a symbol of the struggle against the oppressors.
Cossacks led all peasant uprising against Polish gentry.They were the driving force and the military.The Army marches Cossacks dominated the cavalry.At sea, they came out on small vessels - the so-called seagulls.Each of them housed 50-70 soldiers.In front of the ship went ataman with a flag.Each was armed with a Cossack saber, he had two guns, was carrying six pounds of gunpowder, kernel falcon, was carrying a Nuremberg Quadrant for orientation.
liquidation Sich
After the Russian-Turkish wars of the XVIII century, in which the Cossacks also took part on the side of Russia, was annexed Crimea and won from the Black Sea coast.The immediate threat from the Turks and Tatars to the empire was gone.In the same period there was a devastating revolt of Pugachev, which greatly frightened Catherine II.Lost its geopolitical importance Zaporizhzhya Sich with its ruler for the outlaws were a potential source of danger.These reasons led to its liquidation.After the capture of the fortress on the Khortytsia most of the Cossacks were resettled to the Kuban and Don.
