Our planet knew a lot of bloody battles and battles.All our history consisted of various internecine conflicts.But only the human and material losses in World War II forced the humanity to reflect on the importance of everyone's life.Only after the people began to realize how easy it is to unleash carnage and it is difficult to stop it.This war has shown to all the nations of the earth, how important it is for all the world.
value of studying the history of the twentieth century
younger generation sometimes does not understand the differences between the Great Patriotic War and World War II.The history in the years after their completion, rewritten many times, so young people are not so interested in those distant events.Often, these people really do not even know who participated in those events, and the losses in World War II suffered mankind.But the history of the country can not be forgotten.If today to watch American films about the Second World War, one might think that only because the US Army was made possible the victory over Nazi Germany.That is why it is necessary to convey to our younger generation the role of the Soviet Union in these sad events.In fact, the greatest losses in the Second World War it suffered the people of the USSR.
Background bloodiest war
this armed conflict between two world military-political coalitions, which was the largest massacre in the history of mankind has begun 1. 09. 1939 (in contrast to the Great Patriotic War, which lasted from 22. 06. 1941 to 05. 8. 1945).It ended only 2. 09. 1945 Thus, this war lasted 6 years.The causes of this conflict somewhat.These include: a deep crisis in the world economy, the aggressive policy of certain states, the negative effects of the current at the time of the Versailles-Washington system.
members of international conflict
in the conflict in varying degrees been involved 62 countries.And this despite the fact that at the time in the world there was a total of 73 sovereign states.Fierce battles took place on three continents.Sea battles were fought in the four oceans (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Arctic).Number of warring countries changed several times during the war.Some states involved in active hostilities, while others just any ways to help their coalition allies (machinery, equipment, food).
anti-Hitler coalition
Initially, this coalition was 3 states: Poland, France, Great Britain.This is due to the fact that it was after the attacks on these countries Germany has carried out active combat operations on the territory of these countries.In 1941, during the war were drawn to countries such as the USSR, the USA, China.Further, the coalition joined by Australia, Norway, Canada, Nepal, Yugoslavia, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Belgium, New Zealand, Denmark, Luxembourg, Albania, Union of South Africa, San Marino and Turkey.In varying degrees, coalition allies began and countries such as Guatemala, Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, Chile, Paraguay, Cuba, Ecuador, Venezuela, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Haiti, El Salvador, Bolivia.They joined Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Liberia, Mongolia.During the war years to the anti-Hitler coalition was joined by those States that have ceased to be allies of Germany.It's Iran (since 1941), Iraq and Italy (1943), Bulgaria and Romania (since 1944), Finland and Hungary (1945).
World War II (Germany's allies)
On the side of the Nazi bloc are countries such as Germany, Japan, Slovakia, Croatia, Iraq and Iran (up to 1941), Finland, Bulgaria, Romania (until 1944g), Italy (up to 1943), Hungary (up to 1945), Thailand (Siam), Manchukuo.In some occupied territories of the coalition created a puppet state, which practically did not have any influence on the world arena battles.These include: the Italian Social Republic, Vichy France, Albania, Serbia, Inner Mongolia, Montenegro, the Philippines, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos.On the side of the Nazi bloc often fought and various collaborationist troops by the number of inhabitants of the warring countries.The largest of them were Ron ROA, SS Division by foreigners (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Russian, Estonian, Norwegian, Danish, 2 Belgian, Dutch, Latvian, Bosnian, Albanian and French).On the side of this unit fought volunteer army of neutral countries such as Spain, Portugal and Sweden.
consequences of the war
Despite the fact that over the years of World War II several times changed the alignment on the world stage, it was the result of the complete victory of the anti-Hitler coalition.Following this, it was created the largest international organization of the United Nations (abbreviated - UN).The result of victory in this war was the conviction of Nazi ideology and the prohibition of Nazism during Nyurbergskogo process.After the end of the global conflict greatly diminished the role of France and Britain in world politics, and the United States and the Soviet Union became real superpowers divided between a new sphere of influence.It was created two camps of countries with diametrically opposed political systems (capitalism and socialism).After World War II all over the planet began a period of decolonization empires.
theater of hostilities
Germany, World War II for which was an attempt to become the only superpower, he led the fighting once in five areas:
- Western European: Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, United KingdomFrance.
- Mediterranean: Greece, Yugoslavia, Albania, Italy, Cyprus, Malta, Libya, Egypt, North Africa, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq.
- Eastern European: the Soviet Union, Poland, Norway, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Yugoslavia, Barents, Baltic and Black Sea.
- Africa: Ethiopia, Somalia, Madagascar, Kenya, Sudan, Equatorial Africa.
- Pacific (in collaboration with Japan): China, Korea, South Sakhalin, Far East, Mongolia, the Kuril Islands, the Aleutian Islands, Hong Kong, Indochina, the Andaman Islands, Burma, Malaya, Sarawak, Singapore, Gollandaskaya East Indies, Brunei,New Guinea, Sabah, Papua, Guam, the Solomon Islands, Hawaii, the Philippines, Midway, Mariana and many other Pacific islands.
beginning and the end of the war
first loss in World War II began to run from the invasion of German troops on the territory of Poland.Hitler had long been preparing the ground for an attack on the state.31. 08. 1939 German press reported the seizure of Polish military radio station in Gleiwitz (although it was a provocation saboteurs), as early as 4 am 1. 09. 1939 battleship "Schleswig-Holstein" began to fire at strengtheningWesterplatte (Poland).Together with the troops to occupy Slovakia Germany became someone else's territory.France and Britain demanded that Hitler's withdrawal from Poland, but he refused.Already 09. 3. 1939 France, Australia, England, New Zealand declared war on Germany.Then they were joined by Canada, Newfoundland, Union of South Africa, Nepal.So quickly began to gain momentum bloody World War II.The Soviet Union, though, and brought an urgent basis conscription until 22. 06. 1941 and has not declared war on Germany.Spring of 1940, Hitler's troops began the occupation of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.Further, the German army went to France.In June 1940, on Hitler's side began to fight Italy.In the spring of 1941, Nazi Germany quickly seized Greece and Yugoslavia.22. 06. 1941, she attacked the USSR.On the German side in these hostilities were Romania, Finland, Hungary, Italy.In all the Soviet-German front was fighting up to 70% of all active Nazi divisions.The defeat of the enemy in the battle for Moscow tore the infamous Hitler's plan - "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war).With this already in 1941, it began the creation of the anti-Hitler coalition.7. 12. 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor came into the war and the United States.The army of this country for a long time struggled with their enemies only in the Pacific Ocean.The so-called second front Kingdom and the United States promised to open the summer of 1942. But in spite of the most severe fighting in the territory of the Soviet Union, the anti-Hitler coalition partners are not too slow to engage in combat operations in western Europe.This is due to the fact that the United States and Britain were waiting for a complete weakening of the USSR.Only when it became apparent that the Soviet Army rapidly start to release not only their territory, but also countries in Eastern Europe, the allies were quick to open a second front.This was 6. 06. 1944 (2 years after the promised date).Since then, the Anglo-American coalition has sought to liberate Europe from the first German troops.Despite the best efforts of the allies, the Soviet Army first occupied the Reichstag, where and hoisted their flag of victory.But even Germany's unconditional surrender did not stop the Second World War.For some time there were military operations in Czechoslovakia.Also in the Pacific almost never stopped fighting.Only after the bombing of Hiroshima atomic bombs cities (08. 6. 1945) and Nagasaki (9. 08. 1945), carried out by the Americans, the Japanese emperor realized the futility of further resistance.The attack killed about 300 thousand. Civilians.This bloody international conflict ended only 2. 09. 1945 This day Japan signed the instrument of surrender.
victims of world conflict
first large-scale losses in World War II suffered the Polish people.The army of this country could not resist a strong enemy in the face of German troops.This war has had an unprecedented impact on the whole of humanity.The war has been drawn about 80% of all people living on Earth at the time (more than 1.7 billion people.)..Military actions took place in more than 40 countries.For 6 years of world conflict in the armed forces of all the armies were mobilized around 110 mln. People.According to the latest casualties are around 50 million. People.At the same time at the front it was killed only 27 million. People.The other victims were civilians.Most of lives lost to countries such as the USSR (27 million.), Germany (13 mln.), Poland (6 million.), Japan (2.5 million.), China (5 million.).Casualties of other warring countries were: Yugoslavia (1.7 million.), Italy (0.5 million.), Romania (0.5 million.), The UK (0.4 million.), Greece (0.4 million.), Hungary (0.43 million.), France (0.6 million.), US (0.3 million.), New Zealand, Australia (40 thous.), Belgium (88 ths.), Africa (10 thousand.), Canada (40 thous.).In the Nazi concentration camps, it destroyed more than 11 million. People.
losses on international conflict
It's amazing what losses brought humanity the Second World War.History testifies to the $ 4 trillion that went into military spending.We fought of material costs accounted for about 70% of national income.For several years the industry in many countries has been fully adapted to the production of military equipment.Thus, the United States, Soviet Union, Britain and Germany during the war produced more than 600 thousand combat and transport aircraft.Weapons of World for 6 years has become more effective and deadly.The most brilliant minds of the warring countries were occupied only by his improvement.Many new weapons forced to come up with World War II.Tanks of Germany and the Soviet Union during the war are constantly modernized.This created more sophisticated machines to destroy the enemy.Their number in the thousands.Thus, only armored vehicles, tanks, self-propelled guns were produced more than 280 thousand. With pipelines military factories produced more than 1 million. Various artillery pieces;about 5 million. machine guns;53 million. Machines, carbines and rifles.The enormous destruction and the destruction of thousands of cities and other human settlements has brought the Second World War.The history of mankind without it could have gone in a completely different scenario.Because of it, all the country was pulled in its development for many years.To eliminate the effects of the international armed conflict have left huge amounts of money and force millions of people.
Losses USSR
very high price had to be paid for that quickly ended the Second World War.Soviet losses amounted to about 27 million. People.(at last count in 1990).Unfortunately, to get accurate data is already hardly ever happens, but this figure is most true.There are several different estimates of losses of the USSR.Thus, according to the latest methodology considered killed or died of wounds about 6.3 million .;0.5 million. Died from disease, condemned to death, killed in the accident;4.5 million. Missing and prisoners.General demographic losses of the Soviet Union make up more than 26.6 million. Pers.In addition to the huge number of those killed in the conflict, the Soviet Union suffered huge financial losses.According to the calculations they have made more than 2.6 trillion. Rub.During World War II have been partially or totally destroyed hundreds of cities.On the face of the earth was wiped out more than 70 thousand villages.It was completely destroyed 32 000 large industrial enterprises.Almost completely been destroyed agriculture of the European part of the USSR.On the reconstruction of the country to the pre-war level took several years of tremendous effort and enormous costs.
