varied and interesting history of Russia.1 Peter could have a huge impact on her.The reform efforts, he relied on the experience of Western countries, but acted on the basis of the needs of Russia, while not having a particular system and a program to convert.The first Russian emperor was able to lead the country out "vague" time in the progressive European world, forced to respect the power and reckon with it.Of course, he was a key figure in the development of the state.
Policy and the board
consider policies and reign of Peter 1 briefly.He was able to create all the necessary conditions for raising the profile of Western civilization, and the process of eliminating the old foundations was quite painful for Russia.An important feature of the reforms was the fact that they affect all social strata, this story of Peter 1 was very different from the activities of its predecessors.
But in general, the policy of Peter directed at strengthening the country's inclusion in the culture.However, he often acted from a position of strength, however, he was able to create a powerful country with located at the head of the emperor with absolutely unlimited power.
Before Peter 1 Russia was far behind economically and technically from the other countries, but the conquest and transformation in all spheres of life have strengthened, expanding the borders of the empire and its development.
Policy Peter 1 was to overcome the crisis of traditionalism by the set of reforms, resulting in a modernized Russia has become one of the main participants of the international political games.It has actively lobbied for their interests.The authority it has grown considerably, and Peter himself was seen as a model of the great reformer.
He laid the foundations of Russian culture and created an efficient management system, which persisted for many years.
Many experts researching Russian history, believe that the forcible imposition of the reforms was unacceptable, though not denied the opinion that another country was simply not raised, and the emperor must be tough.In spite of the reconstruction, the country does not get rid of the system of serfdom.On the contrary, it kept the economy, stable army consisted of peasants.This was the main contradiction in the ongoing reforms of Peter the Great, so there were preconditions of the crisis in the future.
biography
Peter 1 (1672-1725) was the youngest son married Romanov AM and Naryshkina NK Education ABC began 03.12.1677, when it was not yet five years old.Peter 1, whose biography from childhood was full of bright events, later became the great emperor.
Prince went willingly, he loved stories and reading books.When this was discovered the queen, she was ordered to give him a book on the history of the library of the palace.
In 1676, Peter 1, whose biography at this time was marked by the death of his father, was brought up with his older brother.Heir was appointed Ivan Romanov, but because of poor health Tsar Peter proclaimed a decade.Miloslavsky not willing to put up with it, and so was provoked by Streletsky revolt, after which the two appeared on the throne - Peter and Ivan.
Peter and his mother lived in Izmailovo, the birthplace of the Romanov clan, or in the village of Transfiguration.Church and secular education and the prince did not get there by itself.Energetic, very agile, he often played the battle together with their peers.
The German settlement, he met the first love and made many friends.Start of the reign of Peter 1 was marked by rebellion, which was organized by Sophia, striving to get rid of his brother.She did not want to give the power in his hands.In 1689 the prince had to take refuge in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.He was joined by regiments and a large part of the yard, and his sister Sophia was removed from the board and forcibly imprisoned in a monastery.
established on the throne of Peter 1. His biography from that moment becomes even more eventful both in private life and in public activities.He participated in the campaigns against Turkey, a volunteer went to Europe, where he passed a course of Artillery Sciences, studied shipbuilding in England, made a lot of reforms in Russia.He was married twice and had 14 children officially recognized.
Life of Peter I
Lopuchin Evdokia was the first wife of the king, to which they were married in 1689.The bride chose a great emperor's mother, and affection for her, he did not feel, but only hostility.In 1698 she was forcibly tonsured as a nun.Life - a single page of the book, which could be described as the story of Peter 1. On the way to meet him in March - Livonian beauty who was captured by Russian and the emperor, when he saw her in the house Menshikov, more refused to part with it.After their wedding, she became Empress Catherine I.
Peter loved her very much, she bore him many children, but found out about her infidelity, he decided not to bequeath the throne to his wife.The complex relationship with the king was with his son from his first marriage.Emperor died, and not having a will.
Interests Peter I
Even as a child the future great tsar Peter 1 going to "mock" the shelves of their peers and the battle unfolded.In later life these well-trained regiments and became the main guard.Peter was very curious by nature, so he was interested in many crafts and science.Fleet - one of his passion, he was seriously engaged in shipbuilding.Mastered fencing, horse riding, pyrotechnics, turning the case and many other sciences.
Home Board
Home Board Peter 1 was dvoetsarstviem as he shared power with his brother Ivan.After deposition sister Sophia, Peter is not the first time the rules of the state.Already at the age of 22 the young king turned his sights on the throne, and all his passions began to take shape for the country.His first Azov campaign was undertaken in 1695, in the spring of 1696 - the second.Then the emperor begins to build a fleet.
The appearance of Peter I
From infancy Peter was a rather large kid.As a child, he was handsome and face and figure, and among peers was higher than all.In moments of excitement and anger of the king's face twitched nervously, and it scared others.The Duke of Saint-Simon gave it a precise description: "Tsar Peter 1 - tall, well-built, a little lean.A round face and high forehead, eyebrows beautiful shape.The nose is a little short, but not flashy, big lips and dark skin.The king black eyes beautiful shape, lively and very insightful.The look is very friendly and majestic. "
Epoch
Huge interest is the era of Peter 1, since it is the beginning of growth and comprehensive development of Russia, turning it into a great power.Through transformation of the monarch and his activities for several decades it was built management system and education, formed a regular army and navy.Increased industrial enterprises have developed arts and crafts, to establish internal and external trade.There was the constant maintenance of jobs in the country.
Culture in Russia under Peter I
substantially changed Russia when Peter came to the throne.His reform efforts were of great importance for the country.Russia has become stronger, constantly expanding its borders.It has become a European state with which other countries had to be considered.Not only military affairs and trade were developed, but there were also cultural achievements.The new year was calculated on 1 January, there was a ban on beards, came the first Russian newspaper, and foreign books in translation.Height career without education became impossible.
ascended the throne, the Emperor made a great many changes, and the history of the reign of Peter 1 is diverse and majestic.One of the most important decrees was that the custom of the transfer of the throne only descendants in the male line is canceled, and the successor may be appointed either by the will of the king.The decree was very unusual, and it had to justify and to seek consent of the governed, forcing him to give a deposition.But death did not give him the opportunity to implement it.
Etiquette in times of Peter
There have been significant changes in the times of Peter 1 and etiquette.The courtiers wore European clothes, keep the beard could only pay a large fine.It became fashionable to wear wigs on the Western model.Women who have not previously attended receptions at the palace, they are now required guests to improve their education, as it was believed that the girl should be able to dance, know foreign languages and play musical instruments.
character of Peter I
character of the monarch was controversial.Peter irascible and cool at the same time, the wasteful and mean, tough and compassionate, very demanding and often indulgent, rough and gentle at the same time.So it is described by those who knew him.But it was a great emperor of integrity, his life was completely dedicated to the service of the state, it was he, and he devoted his life.
1 Peter was very thrifty when spending money for personal needs, but to build their palaces and beloved wife, he did not stint.The Emperor thought that the easiest way to reduce defects - to reduce their needs, and it should set an example to his subjects.There are well looked through its two forms: one - the great and mighty emperor whose palace at Peterhof is not inferior to Versailles, the other - the owner of lean, economical life set an example for his subjects.Avarice and conspicuous thrift and European residents.
reforms
Home Board Peter 1 was marked by a number of reforms relating mainly military affairs, often carried out by force, have not always led to the desired outcome him.But after 1715 they became more smoothly.We touched on the reform in the first years of the Boyar Duma, which proved to be ineffective in governing the country.If we consider the reign of Peter 1 In short, there are several important points.He organized the Middle office.It introduced a lot of boards, each responsible for its direction (taxes, foreign policy, trade, the courts, and so on. D.).Judicial reform has undergone radical changes.The position of the spy was introduced for the control of employees.The reforms have affected all aspects of life: the military, the church, the financial, trade, autocratic.Due to a fundamental restructuring of all spheres of life in Russia was seen as a great power, and then sought Peter 1.
Peter I: important years
If we consider the important dates in the life of the monarch, the Peter 1, the years which have been marked by various events, someperiod was the most active:
- 1700: Constantinople peace treaty, the Northern War, Narva - the defeat of the troops.
- 1721: Industrialists allowed to buy the peasants, the institution of the Synod, Treaty of Nystad with Sweden, receiving the title of Peter the Great Emperor.
- 1722: Caspian march and historical connection to the Russian coast of the sea.
Home Board Peter 1 was from the beginning built on the struggle for a state.It is not for nothing called the Great.Dates of Peter 1: 1682-1725 years.Being strong-willed, determined, talented, do not miss a target to achieve neither the strength nor the time, the king was strict to all, but especially to yourself.Often ruthless, but thanks to his energy, determination, aggressiveness and brutality of some Russia has changed dramatically, becoming a great power.The era of Peter 1 changed the face of the state for centuries.And he founded the city became the capital of the empire for 300 years.Now St. Petersburg - one of the most beautiful cities in Russia and proudly wears its name in honor of the great founder.
