Taiga - a considerable forest area.The geographical position of the taiga quite extensive - it occupies the northern part of Asia, Canada, the Far East and Europe.The climate, flora and fauna in this natural area is quite diverse.The extreme southern edge of the taiga is in the northern part of the island of Hokkaido (Japan) and North - on the Taimyr Peninsula.
temperature regime for the region long characterized by harsh winters and warm but short summers.In winter, temperatures can drop to -50 ° C in Yakutia and Canada, and to -25 ° C in the Ussuri taiga.Winters are cold with a loose deep snow and quite sultry summer with lots of mosquitoes and black flies.During the summer in Canada and the Far East, there is 27-30 ° C heat.In the Far East and sweltering summer is quite rainy and windy winters.In Western Siberia, winter snow, and summers are mostly dry.
Spring comes late to these regions.Only in the beginning of April, the snow begins to melt.When it seems that the heat comes, the next day can suddenly go bad weather and over come the cold and snow falls.The leaves on the trees usually occur only in late May or early June.
Geographical location taiga ensures that summer here begins in June and ends in August.But at the same time, it can be quite hot.In this regard, often forest fires.Less summers can be rainy and cold.In early June, sometimes it snows.
types and features of taiga
There are 2 types of taiga:
- svetlohvoyno;
- dark coniferous (the most common).
Features geographic location taiga consist in the fact that it is located in a humid temperate zone.The basis of its vegetation consists of coniferous.Taiga zone was formed even before the Ice Age.Taiga is also divided into sub-zones: the northern, central and southern.At latitude slowness this region is considered one of the biggest climatic zones on the planet.
geographical position in the Russian taiga
biggest natural area of the Russian Federation is precisely the taiga.It stretches the broadest and continuous stripe across the entire state down to the Pacific Ocean.Most of its width - in Western Siberia (about 2000 km).At this point plain taiga connect with the mountain taiga Baikal and Sayan.If you pay attention to the geographical position of the natural boreal forest in Russia, it becomes clear why it is so beautiful.
For the Russian taiga is characterized by sufficient and excess moisture.There are plenty of lakes and marshes.Runoff in this zone than in the remaining natural areas.Quite a significant density of river network.They feed primarily river melted snow water.In connection with the fact that almost every spring there are floods.
Taiga - a huge space, where are the coniferous forests.To the west of the Yenisei River formed sod-podzolic and podzolic soils, and to the east - permafrost taiga.
Vegetation
geographical position of the taiga and influences the diversity of flora and fauna.For the temperate and sub-polar climate zones characterized by boreal coniferous forests.Overall, there are about 30 families of endemic vascular plants, which are typically composed of one type and usually monotype.
In the region there are forests of larch, spruce, fir, pine and Siberian cedar.In the forest there are also hardwoods such as birch, alder and aspen.
Fauna
In general, the taiga fauna is much richer than in the tundra zone.In North America and extended family pronghorns family of rodents.In Central Asia, there selevinivye.In the subarctic zone widespread family of mole, hare, myshovok, squirrel, leather, hamsters, voles and martens.In the northern part of Eurasia and North America, home to squirrels, gray voles, shrews, rabbits, beaver, bighorn sheep, weasel, white and brown bears, deer, moose, bighorn sheep, and others.
geographical position of the boreal forest that covers the coast of the Arctic Ocean, has beneficial effects on life in the region following birds and animals: a walrus, loons, seals, polar bears, gulls.The tundra is inhabited by the wolf, lemming, grouse, hare, snowy owl.Taiga is home to migratory birds: swans, geese, terns, ducks and waders.They nest in these regions during the short northern summer.In the spring of reindeer migrate to the northern regions, where it provides seed, and in the winter back into the forest.This is due to the fact that the winter in these places is a relatively thin layer of snow, which facilitates extraction of the animal feed.
geographical position of the taiga in Russia contributes to the fact that here is found the lynx, wolf, wolverine, brown bear, sable, marten, ermine, fox, moose, musk deer.It also found a beaver, squirrels, voles, raccoon dog, chipmunk, flying squirrel, pikas.Among the birds of note woodpecker, various species of owls, nutcracker, jay, crossbill, black grouse.
south, in deciduous and mixed forests, all the large animals were almost completely destroyed as a result of development of these territories person.Today remained only minor populations of beaver, wild boar, deer, brown bear, elk, red deer, mink and badger.
Security taiga
Siberian taiga and taiga tracts of Eurasia called the "lungs" of our planet.The state of these forests, in fact, depends on the carbon and oxygen balance of surface atmospheric layer.Human activity is constantly hurting this unique natural landscape.For the protection of these zones in Eurasia and North America has created many national parks and reserves.
Taiga - a harsh and at the same time very picturesque region.Its main wealth - forests, rivers, animals and minerals.Here are engaged in production of oil, coal and gas.Mankind simply must closely guard and protect these areas.
