Economics is the area of activity in order to create spiritual and material goods to meet the diverse needs of the people.
Subject and method of economic theory considering socio-economic relations between individuals in the process of distribution, production, exchange and consumption of products and services.First, consider the subject of economic theory, which is the sphere of distribution and production of goods and services with limited resources.To better reflect the economic reality of the theory of the economy includes a plurality of individual sciences: general economic theory, which studies the overall economic civilization and theories chastnoekonomicheskie who study the parts of the economic space, such as labor economics, statistics, management, theory of finance, accounting,marketing, agricultural economics and industry.On the status of the general economic theory claim political economy, the theory of evolutionary economics and others.
considering the subject and method of economic theory, we can not say that it explores the economic laws in order to increase efficiency, economic growth, full employment, economic freedom, a stable price level, economic security, equitable distribution of income, the balance of trade.
The main methods of the economy include: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, qualitative and quantitative analysis, observation and experiment, and many others.
These are in general subject and method of economics.
Now there are many different training and manuals.In economics textbooks can often find the name of the chapter or section "Subject and method of economic theory", and we are not without sin - paid tribute to the tradition, although this is not entirely true.It would be better to write "The subject and methods of economic theory," because there is no single, single, universal method in economics.They set the whole complex, and we look at them now.
methods - a scientific techniques, methods, knowledge economy, understanding and economic development.The theory of the economy is based on the following methods: simple (compilation, supervision, group comparison) and development: analysis and synthesis, qualitative and quantitative approaches, historical and logical modeling, formalization and others.
Formation and development of economic theory can be treated in several stages, starting with the ancient Greek period:
1) Antiquity: the foundations of analysis laid down by Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon (V-IV century BC), was studied slaveoperation, subsistence farming;
2) the era of feudalism, during which studied the ratio of natural and commodity economy, highly appreciated the role of labor, cooperation between farms;
3) the era of bourgeois economics: mercantilists (16th - 17th century) paid great attention to the sphere of circulation;Classical political economy (17th - 19th century) linked with the sphere of the production of wealth, first - in agriculture and then in other industries.Scientists, economists of this period developed the theory of value;
4) the development of the political economy of labor in Marxist economic system is analyzed from the point of view of the interests of the working class.On the basis of Marxism, social democracy appear and Leninism;
5) of the 20th century: neoclassicism investigated the pricing and the balance in the market mechanisms;the emergence of state-monopoly capitalism, Keynesianism, of liberalism.
the past decade include: institutionalism;post-industrial economy;the theory of the transition to a market economy.
