Fujiyama - the volcano, which is considered one of the most beautiful on the planet.It is located in the territory of Japan, where deified for centuries.It should be noted that currently in the country mountain is sacred national symbol.The ancient Japanese believed that this is where the gods lived.In connection with all this, there is nothing surprising in the fact that its image is found not only on the numerous pictures and photos, but also to the Japanese national banknotes.Legend has it that the mountain came to a completely flat area all in one night, which was the cause of a strong earthquake.
Vulcan is owned by the Great Hongu Sang Temple - an important Shinto shrines.In one of its rooms to the present time it kept the original donation received from the shogun in 1609.It should focus on the fact that it was confirmed by the Japanese Supreme Court today.
Location
Fuji volcano on the map of Japan can be seen on the island of Honshu.The distance from here to the nation's capital - Tokyo - is about ninety kilometers south-easterly direction.Its location is directly over the area where the dock just three tectonic plates - the Philippines, North America and Eurasia.Now around the mountain is a Japanese national park, which is called Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.From any place on the island even seen her cone.From a geographical point of view, the coordinates of the volcano Fujiyama designated as 35 degrees 21 minutes north latitude and 138 degrees 43 minutes east longitude.Special scenic area gives the chain of five lakes that surround the mountain on the north side.
status
In our time, scientists around the world led the debate as to what should be the status of the volcano Fujiyama: current or extinct it?There are many arguments in favor of both a statement and a second, so a simple answer to this question is not so simple.Now in Japan it is called an active volcano, whose eruption probability is very low.
shape, size and age
mountain has an almost perfect cone shape.The height of the volcano Mount Fuji is 3776 meters.In this regard, most of the time it is difficult to see from the top of the clouds.Specific words deserve outline of the crater, which looks very similar to the lotus flower.Its petals in this case are enormous ridges, which were named by locals as Yaksudo-Fuyo.With regard to its diameter, it is approximately five hundred meters.According to numerous archaeological and scientific research, the mountain is a stratovolcano.Its formation took the beginning of about a hundred thousand years ago.This process lasted for a long time and ended about ten thousand years ago.On the western slope is the so-called big failure.It is surrounded by a wide variety of religious structures.The origin of the name
Even today, many scientists find it difficult to answer, in connection with which Mount Fuji was baptized just this name.Judging by modern hieroglyphics, the "Fuji" literally means abundance and wealth.At the same time, we must not forget that the name has been around for centuries, so this approach is not entirely correct and, most likely, has no true meaning.Many researchers refer to one of the Japanese chronicles, dated tenth century.It pointed out that the name of the volcano means "immortality."
A British missionary (John Batchelor) at the beginning of the twentieth century has put forward the theory that the word "Fuji" is Ainu origin and represents the deity of fire.However, the famous Japanese linguist Kёsuke later refuted this version.Studies on the subject are under way now, but a common interpretation is not.
Conquest tops
addition, Fujiyama - the volcano which attracts large number of tourists every year.Details of his first conquest date back to the year 663.Then I managed to climb up the mountain to an unknown monk.According to statistics, every year is now here come about five million tourists from all over the world.At the same time, on average, one in ten of them to climb to the very crater.Its depth is about two hundred meters, which can not fail to capture the spirit of everyone who got here.
Currently, there are three routes leading everyone to the tourists directly to the mouth.An interesting fact related to climbing the volcano, due to the fact that before climbing on it was allowed only to men.This has happened to the epoch of Mendi (1868-1912).Since then a lot has changed that, and now it is women who constitute the majority of the pilgrims.You can go up the mountain for the period from 1 July to 31 August.It is now considered the most secure.In all other months, the top is covered with snow.
eruptions
Statistics eruptions of this volcano is conducted for over twelve centuries, beginning with the 781 year.During the period of this time, with more or less significant force them there were only six.
Since the last major eruption has been more than three hundred years.It began on November 24, 1707 and lasted for two months.On the half way from the top to the foot of the mountain then got a second crater, from which lava burst and thick smoke.The area where the volcano Fuji, and most of the streets of the capital of Japan in Tokyo were literally covered with a thick layer of ash.Introduced secondary peak, which is known as Heyzan, can be seen today.Two major eruption occurred in 800 and 864, respectively.
Fuji in Japanese Art
in national art in Japan Mount Fuji, usually displayed in the form of a snow-covered slopes of the volcano, the crater of which there is a small wisp of smoke.The first memories of it in the local literature dating back to the eighth century.It is recalled that at this time he fell down during its volcanic activity.Known worldwide Fuji was largely thanks to the creativity of Japanese engravers, who worked during the reign of Emperor Edo.The most popular of them are the work of Hokusai such as "Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji" and "One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji".
part of the national park
As noted above, the Mount Fuji is an integral part of the national park.On its slopes you can find many tablets, warning of a strict ban on the release of waste.Moreover, each pilgrim before lifting receives a packet intended for his collection, if it was someone left.At the same time no one thinks it shameful to contribute to the content of a Japanese shrine clean.To ensure the proper order on the slopes and many automated functions composting toilets.
Tourism
Undoubtedly, Fujiyama - the volcano, which is the most popular and the main tourist attraction in Japan.Not surprisingly, the majority of the population consider it the most beautiful place on the planet.Starting in July, for three months, the local rescue centers and small mountain huts are available to hikers and tired travelers.At this time, there is also very common of food and drinks.
Of the three paved trails to the summit highlighted one major.On it are ten points intended for recreation.Here each vertex conqueror give special staves made of bamboo.They greatly help them when climbing.Moreover, at each of the stations on his staff applied the stamp, which is proof that a tourist really overcame stage.To simplify lift half way up (the fifth paragraph) paved road.
religious and cultural significance
In Japan, the vast majority of the inhabitants profess Shinto.For every follower of this religion Fujiyama - the volcano sacred.The ancient inhabitants of the country suggested that the crater it was smithy fire god Ainu.This, in their opinion, and it was believed the reason that the slopes are covered with rubble and ashes.Now the time from July to August period of greatest activity pripadaet faithful pilgrims who want to visit its main shrine.During this time, every night here stays of up to three thousand people here who want to watch the immense expanses of ocean and rising from their sun.The pilgrimage to the mountain every Japanese believed their sacred duty.
