Various fruit trees are growing in the garden.This apple, pear, cherry, plum and black cherry.However, very rarely it occurs mulberry tree.But in the recent past it has been a very popular and affordable.The older generation of gardeners has much to tell us about useful plants which have now become exotic.
Species
Amazing survivor originally from China.It has long been grown as a fodder culture.The leaves of the tree were for the power of the silkworm - producer of raw materials for the production of unique fabrics.Gardeners grow mulberry tree belonging to the genus Morus, not for the production of silk, but as ornamental and fruit plants.Rod consists of twenty four species.Among them are fruit-bearing mulberry black and white, the distinctive feature of which is the color of the bark of the adult plant.Many gardeners mistakenly believe that mulberry distinguished by the color of berries.However, it is not so.
white mulberry bark is light in color.But the berries can be white, cream, pink, purple or completely black.Numerous genus Morus presented dioecious and rarely monoecious trees.Most of them are heat-loving plants that can be grown in the southern regions.Only the white mulberry in the middle lane is not freezes, grows well and bears fruit.
Description
Not every fruit plant boasts its durability.For two hundred or three hundred years bear a mulberry, with the passage of time without changing its properties.Spreading tree reaches a height of twenty to thirty-five meters.It is often formed into a two- or three-meter bush.Bark light.Spherical crown is densely covered with oval leaves.
Kolovidnye Mulberry small florets.They have a light green color.Dioecious or rarely monoecious plant is pollinated by the wind.The fruit drupes are formed in the form of small aggregate fruits.They have a pleasant sweet taste.Depending on the type of berry can be painted in different colors.White mulberry ripens in the period from May to July.It bears fruit in the fifth year after planting.Productivity is high.Period of berry picking more stretched because of the disjointed maturation.They nontransportable and poorly stored, used immediately after removal.
This mulberry tree winter-hardy and drought-resistant.These qualities characterize the plant as quite hardy and undemanding.It is suitable for areas with any type of soil.In addition to these advantages, the mulberry tree is a medicinal plant.The fruits have a high content of vitamins.Additionally, they contain a flavonoid morin, carotene, fatty acids, iron salts.Medicinal properties have not only the berries.The bark and leaves of the tree are also used for medicinal purposes.
varieties of mulberry White Mulberry
can serve as fodder, fruit and ornamental plants.They are represented by different varieties, different individual properties.
Thus, among the fruit-bearing varieties rather attractive white mulberry honey.It is characterized by relative simplicity and frost, disease resistance.Tall deciduous tree has a large crown.Simple oval leaves are painted in a light green color.Inflorescence spike.Juicy fruits have white color.
Taste qualities are good.Continuous harvest begins at the end of June.Uneven ripening lasts until the beginning of August.Fresh berries are not stored for more than six hours.They practically do not tolerate transportation.
white mulberry varieties Baroness - a deciduous dioecious plant.Thick, well-leafy krona has a spherical shape.Flowers are dioecious.They have a light color and form spike-like inflorescences.Large berries, the size of which 3.5 cm and a diameter of 1.5 cm, thickly painted black.Aromatic complex drupe has a sweet taste.Unlike the previous varieties, the fruit relatively transportable.The shelf life is twelve hours.Grade high-yielding.
Period of berry is in June and July.This mulberry - unpretentious with high performance plant frost.Mulberry in central Russia perfectly winters.
Mulberry Darkie - tall spreading tree, which has a pyramidal crown.Large fruits reach three centimeters.The black berries are juicy.Excellent taste quality.Slightly acidic taste does not spoil the fruit.This sort of less hardy than the Baroness.In winter, the branches may freeze.Undemanding plant has a high yield.Ripening occurs at the beginning of July.
Besides fruit species, there are more than four hundred ornamental forms.Varieties differ in the form of mulberry color and color of the crown and foliage.This showy plants that are used in landscape design.Beautiful tree and shrub composition, alleys and hedges, which are included in the mulberry trees.Their delicate krona perfectly with evergreens.
white mulberry weeping
stunted tree or shrub reaches a height and a width of up to three meters.It has a very decorative appearance.Long mulberry branches hang down.This form is indispensable in landscape design will adorn any garden.
Dark green leaves are large, the length of which can be from eight to twenty centimeters, have a heart-shaped form.In autumn they turn yellow.The flowering period is May-June.Fruiting mulberry few fruits.They are edible and have a pleasant sweet taste.
addition, there are spherical, rassechenolistnaya, Tatar and golden form of white mulberry.Each of them has its own advantages and is widely used for single or group plantings.
Landing
Most gardeners do not dare to plant mulberry as a small area of space is limited."Is my garden suitable for exotic fashion?" - A question arises from growers in the selection of a variety of the giant long-lived.
mulberry cultivation provides several ways of forming a plant that will limit the height.Tall powerful spreading tree requires a larger area of nutrition.Planting mulberry made under the scheme 5 x 6 m. Height restrictions and mulberry growing in the form of a bush, and another scheme of 2 x 3 m. The white mulberry is unpretentious.It grows equally well in harsh urban conditions, and suburban suburban areas.Well-lit corner of the garden should be, which will grow mulberry.Planting and care of the mulberry comply with generally accepted rules for fruit trees.Planted seedlings in early spring.The seat must be such as not to damage the root system.For better rooting in the hole a mixture of humus and sand.Liberally sprinkled with soil, and watered the landing pit.Around the trunk of the seedling soil with peat mulch.In autumn planting perform a half months before the frost.
Farming
Care is to remove weeds, loosening the soil and regular watering.It is especially important to follow the newly planted plants.Not allowed in the presence of tree trunks weeds which are harmful to plants.Regular weeding and mulching with humus or peat will contribute to the normal and rapid growth.During the summer season make organic and mineral fertilizers.This agrotechnical methods is very important for the normal development of mulberry and obtain good yields.Fertilisation is carried out during the bud.In one square meter you need fifty grams nitrophosphate.After fertilization the soil heavily watered.In early July, stop watering.During this period feeding should also not be carried out.Increased power will contribute to the growth of young shoots, which in winter will freeze solid.
Crop
to tree did not grow tall and looked well-kept, its crown form, limiting the growth of three meters.In addition, young last year's growth in winter may freeze.They must be removed.Pruning mulberry has no individual characteristics.Carry out health and anti-aging techniques that were performed following generally accepted recommendations for fruit trees and shrubs.Mulberry well tolerated haircut.This technique should be regular.Annually conduct thinning crown.This removal shall be diseased and damaged branches weak.Also cut intersecting shoots.
Obtaining seed
white mulberry ripens in the summer.Ripe fruits are suitable for seed production.After harvesting of the berries are left in the sun.They are slightly overripe.Next, a few days, they are placed into a container.
Juicy fruits should be sour.Then they triturated in water.Weighted seeds sink to the bottom of the container.This mass is rubbed through a fine sieve.These seeds are dried.During the year, they must be used.They quickly lose their germination.
Seed propagation is used several ways to obtain young plants.Perhaps seed propagation.Begin this process stratification.Seeds are kept at zero degrees or five for a month.Pre-prepared seedbed.In early April, it will be sown mulberry.Reproduction in this way allows you to have in the autumn seedlings have sorokasantimetrovye.
grafting rootstock frost
To save the mother's symptoms of a variety, the vaccine will be more effective.This method is more complicated.It requires careful selection of material for breeding.Quite often used winter grafting mulberry.As the stock used young plants are frost-resistant varieties of mulberry grown from seed.They dug out and placed in storage in wet sawdust.Storage temperature should be at zero degrees.Grafts are also stored in moist sawdust.After performing grafting plant material is placed in boxes and kept at a temperature of twenty-five degrees.Then they are stored in damp sawdust at zero temperature until spring.
Vaccination mulberry in the spring is performed at last year's stock.The event falls within the period before bud blossoming.Used cuttings, cut in the fall.They retain all the winter in moist sawdust at zero temperature.
can instill in the summer.For this purpose, the blank of the year.
reproduction softwood cuttings
planting material harvested in mid-June.Suitable green shoots, the length of which is not less than fifteen centimeters.They are not cut from lignified branches.Blanks are treated by removing the lower leaves and shortening the upper half.Before rooting held for six hours in an aqueous solution of IAA.
Or put them in a mixture of sand and peat, which is moistened with the solution.Green cuttings are rooted in greenhouses.The main condition - high humidity.To create a greenhouse effect produced cover with plastic wrap.
Diseases and pests
Like any culture, prone to infection white mulberry.It can affect diseases such as bacterial blight, powdery mildew and root rot.
In the spring, the tree is carried out preventive spraying special preparations.
lot and pests from Mulberry.Khrushchev, Medvedkov mulberry barbel, wireworms and spider mite damage various parts of the plant.To fight them use mechanical and chemical methods.In autumn be sure to clean and burn fallen leaves.
Features harvest
white mulberry is characterized by an extended period of fruiting.Berries ripen unevenly.On the one hand, this is good.Over a long period of mulberry will delight ripe juicy fruits.However, ripe fruit should be removed in a timely manner.Almost all varieties of white mulberry poorly stored.They nontransportable.When lag in collecting berries crumble, which causes them damage.After removal of the fruit is processed immediately and consumed fresh.
Useful properties of white mulberry
mulberry Medicinal properties have long been known.Eating fresh berries helps improve the overall condition of the person.White mulberry contributes to the normalization of the nervous system.It is included in the diet for weight loss.Low-calorie berry perfectly normalizes metabolism.In addition, the plant cleans the bowels and helps toxins.Mulberry often consumed fresh.Also, it is subjected to cooking.It is suitable for blanks for future use.You can make juices, syrups, jams and marmalades.Wines and liqueurs have exquisite taste.Also, it is dried.In this form, it is used instead of sugar.White mulberry is irreplaceable in cosmetology.Its composition include various hair masks, face and body.
However, with all the advantages we should not forget about the individual characteristics of the organism.As with any drug, the use of a mulberry and contraindications.Excessive drinking can hurt.Not advised for diabetics to use berries.For them, the more useful will be the dried leaves of the mulberry tree.
