In life we are surrounded by a variety of bodies and objects.For example, in the premises of the window, door, table, lamp, cup, on the street - car traffic, asphalt.Any body or objects consist of the substance.This article will be discussed that such a substance.
What is chemistry?
the science of nature, studying the organic and inorganic materials, their structure, properties and transformations as a result of chemical reactions.Chemistry belongs to one of the vast areas of natural science and has been studying the interactions between the molecules and atoms.It gives a clear notion of what is a substance, and very closely linked with physics and biology, and therefore belongs to the natural sciences.
value of chemistry in life
minerals, living organisms, rocks and atmosphere composed of different ratios of the same elements.The main difference between animate and inanimate nature in which molecules are formed from certain chemical elements.The basis of life of our biosphere will be the circulation of chemical elements.
Human life is impossible without industrial goods (food, vitamins, medicines, cosmetic substances, synthetic fibers, construction materials, a variety of varnishes and paints, fertilizers, and more).
molecules and atoms
Any substance composed of very small particles called molecules (from the Latin - mass).All molecules composed of more microscopic particles - atoms, or rather of the cores which are surrounded by inner and outer electrons forming the chemical bonds.Atoms have a certain weight, and therefore the substance is permanent.The main features of the structure of the molecules were discovered during research of chemical reactions, analysis of chemical compounds and the use of physical methods.The atoms in the molecules connected by chemical bonds.Microscopic particles in the molecule can be both positively and negatively charged.
concept of substance
What is the matter?The substance is considered to be that of which consist of all the bodies and objects in the surrounding nature.Any substance containing molecule and a molecule, in turn, are composed of atoms.For example, an iron nail will be the body, and iron - material.Any substances have a certain set of physical and chemical properties.
Physical characteristics include features that distinguish one from the other substances.These include: the state of aggregation, density, solubility, color, luster, the temperature (or boiling point), electrical conductivity.
chemical properties - properties of the substances to react and express themselves in chemical processes (reactions).
task of chemistry is familiar with the physical and chemical properties of the substance.
Species substances
There are classes of substances that are simple and complex.By simply include substances that consist of atoms of chemical element.For example, molecules of inert gases (neon, argon, oxygen, bromine, iodine).By the complex include all substances which are formed by connection of different atoms (water, salt, carbon dioxide, potassium permanganate, sucrose).Active substances - substances in chemical reactions capable of lowering the surface tension at a concentration on the surface.
Organic substances
This category includes all substances, which include carbon.Exceptions are the carbides, carbon oxides, carbonates and cyanides and carbon containing gases.
saccharide molecule substance consists of three members and is the main source of energy for living organisms.Monosaccharides - connections are not subjected to crystallization.Oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) consist of two, three or four molecules of monosaccharides.Undergo crystallization.Polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, Araban, xylans) savory taste and do not dissolve in water.Their main function - joining, gluing and binding cells.It belongs to the group of lipid compounds present in all living cells.They look simple carbon chains or residues of cyclic molecules.They are divided into fat (triglycerides and neutral) and lipids.It is difficult esters.Fatty acids (stearic, ricin) are also found in living organisms.Lipids - fat-like substances that are important because of their structure.They form a clearly oriented layers.Enzymes are active biological processes, accelerators of protein nature.They do not collapse during the reactions and chemical catalysts differ from those that are able to increase the reaction rate in normal conditions.
Inorganics
to inorganic substances include water, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Water is an essential solvent and a stabilizer.It has a strong heat capacity and thermal conductivity.The aquatic environment is favorable for the occurrence of fundamental chemical reactions.It is characterized by transparency and virtually resistant to compression.
In the part of many non-protein nitrogen compounds included.Sulfur is actively involved in their construction.Most organisms contain phosphorus in mineral form.Potassium is found in cells in the form of ions.It activates the enzyme protein balance.Sodium is a part of the blood and serves a major role in regulating the water balance of the entire organism.Iron is actively involved in the processes of respiration, photosynthesis and is a component of hemoglobin.In the human diet comes every day 2 mg copper.It reveals a lack of anemia, appetite disorders and heart disease.Manganese affects the update process in plants.Zinc decomposes carbonic acid.Boron affects the growth of various organisms.In its absence in the soil of plants and flowers die conductive channels.Molybdenum is actively destroying parasites and gained wide popularity in the plant.
How are inorganic and organic substances?
particularly strong external differences between these two groups of substances are not present.The main difference lies in the structure where inorganic substances have non-molecular structure, and organic - molecular.
Inorganics are non-molecular structure, so they have high melting and boiling points.They do not contain carbon.These include the noble gases (neon, argon), metals (calcium, calcium, sodium), amphoterics (iron, aluminum), and nonmetals (Si), hydroxides, binary compounds, salts.
organic molecular structure of matter.They have a sufficiently low melting temperature, and they decompose rapidly when heated.Mainly composed of carbon.Exceptions: carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and cyanides.Carbon allows you to form a huge number of complicated compounds (in the nature of them are more than 10 million).
Most of them belong to the classes of biological birth (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).These compounds include, in its composition, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.
To understand what such a substance, it is necessary to imagine the role it plays in our lives.Interacting with other substances, it forms new.Without them, the livelihoods of the world is inseparable and unthinkable.All objects consist of certain materials, however, they play an important role in our lives.
